महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-220, verse-17

ईश्वरो हि पुरा भूत्वा पितृपैतामहे पदे ।
तत्त्वमद्य हृतं दृष्ट्वा सपत्नैः किं न शोचसि ॥१७॥

17. īśvaro hi purā bhūtvā pitṛpaitāmahe pade ,
tattvamadya hṛtaṁ dṛṣṭvā sapatnaiḥ kiṁ na śocasi.

17. īśvaraḥ hi purā bhūtvā pitṛpaitāmahe pade tat
tvam adya hṛtam dṛṣṭvā sapatnaiḥ kim na śocasi

17. tvam purā pitṛpaitāmahe pade īśvaraḥ bhūtvā adya
tat sapatnaiḥ hṛtam dṛṣṭvā kim na śocasi hi

17. You, who were once a lord in your ancestral position, now, having seen that very status seized by your rivals, why do you not grieve?

Words meanings summery:

• ईश्वरः (īśvaraḥ) - lord, ruler (lord, master, ruler, god)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely (indeed, surely, for, because)

• पुरा (purā) - formerly, once (formerly, anciently, in the past, before)

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having been (having been, having become)

• पितृपैतामहे (pitṛpaitāmahe) - ancestral (ancestral, relating to father and grandfathers)

• पदे (pade) - in the position, in the status (in the place, in the position, in the status)

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the position) (that, it)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (you (singular))

• अद्य (adya) - now, today (today, now)

• हृतम् (hṛtam) - seized, taken away (taken, seized, carried off, stolen)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• सपत्नैः (sapatnaiḥ) - by rivals, by enemies (by rivals, by enemies, by co-wives)

• किम् (kim) - why? (what?, why?, wherefore?)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• शोचसि (śocasi) - you grieve (you grieve, you lament)

Words meanings and morphology

ईश्वरः (īśvaraḥ) - lord, ruler (lord, master, ruler, god)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of īśvara

īśvara - lord, master, ruler, controller, god

From root īś (to be master of, to rule) + vara (suffix)

Root: īś (class 2)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

पुरा (purā) - formerly, once (formerly, anciently, in the past, before)

(indeclinable)

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having been (having been, having become)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root bhū (to be, to become) + tvā (absolutive suffix)

Root: bhū (class 1)

पितृपैतामहे (pitṛpaitāmahe) - ancestral (ancestral, relating to father and grandfathers)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of pitṛpaitāmaha

pitṛpaitāmaha - ancestral, belonging to fathers and grandfathers

Compound (paitāmaha derived from pitāmaha, pitṛ from pitṛ)

Compound type : Dvandva or Bahuvrihi (pitṛ+pitāmaha)

• pitṛ – father, ancestor
  noun (masculine)
• pitāmaha – grandfather
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used here in locative singular, agreeing with `pade`.

पदे (pade) - in the position, in the status (in the place, in the position, in the status)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pada

pada - foot, step, place, position, status, word

Root: pad (class 4)

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the position) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Agreement with `hṛtam`

त्वम् (tvam) - you (you (singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

अद्य (adya) - now, today (today, now)

(indeclinable)

हृतम् (hṛtam) - seized, taken away (taken, seized, carried off, stolen)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hṛta

hṛta - taken, seized, carried off, stolen

Past Passive Participle

From root hṛ (to take, carry) + ta (suffix for PPP)

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Describes `tat` (the position) as having been seized.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root dṛś (to see) + tvā (absolutive suffix)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सपत्नैः (sapatnaiḥ) - by rivals, by enemies (by rivals, by enemies, by co-wives)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sapatna

sapatna - rival, enemy, co-wife

From sa-patnī (having a co-wife), then generalized to rival.

Note: Indicates the agent of 'seized' (hṛtam).

किम् (kim) - why? (what?, why?, wherefore?)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an interrogative adverb here.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb `śocasi`.

शोचसि (śocasi) - you grieve (you grieve, you lament)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śoc

Present Active Indicative

From root śuc (to grieve, lament)

Root: śuc (class 1)