महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-220, verse-31

न विद्या न तपो दानं न मित्राणि न बान्धवाः ।
शक्नुवन्ति परित्रातुं नरं कालेन पीडितम् ॥३१॥

31. na vidyā na tapo dānaṁ na mitrāṇi na bāndhavāḥ ,
śaknuvanti paritrātuṁ naraṁ kālena pīḍitam.

31. na vidyā na tapaḥ dānam na mitrāṇi na bāndhavāḥ
śaknuvanti paritrātum naram kālena pīḍitam

31. vidyā na tapaḥ na dānam na mitrāṇi na bāndhavāḥ
kālena pīḍitam naram paritrātum na śaknuvanti

31. Neither knowledge, nor spiritual austerity (tapas), nor charity (dāna), nor friends, nor even relatives are able to protect a person afflicted by time.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - neither (not, no)

• विद्या (vidyā) - knowledge (knowledge, learning, science)

• न (na) - nor (not, no)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - spiritual austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat (tapas))

• दानम् (dānam) - charity (dāna) (gift, charity (dāna))

• न (na) - nor (not, no)

• मित्राणि (mitrāṇi) - friends

• न (na) - nor (not, no)

• बान्धवाः (bāndhavāḥ) - relatives (relatives, kinsmen)

• शक्नुवन्ति (śaknuvanti) - are able (are able, can)

• परित्रातुम् (paritrātum) - to protect (to protect, to save, to defend)

• नरम् (naram) - a person (a man, a person)

• कालेन (kālena) - by time

• पीडितम् (pīḍitam) - afflicted (afflicted, tormented, oppressed)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - neither (not, no)

(indeclinable)

विद्या (vidyā) - knowledge (knowledge, learning, science)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, learning, science

From root vid

Root: vid (class 2)

न (na) - nor (not, no)

(indeclinable)

तपः (tapaḥ) - spiritual austerity (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat (tapas))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor

From root tap

Root: tap (class 1)

दानम् (dānam) - charity (dāna) (gift, charity (dāna))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - giving, gift, charity

From root dā

Root: dā (class 3)

न (na) - nor (not, no)

(indeclinable)

मित्राणि (mitrāṇi) - friends

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of mitra

mitra - friend, companion, ally

न (na) - nor (not, no)

(indeclinable)

बान्धवाः (bāndhavāḥ) - relatives (relatives, kinsmen)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bāndhava

bāndhava - relative, kinsman, friend

From bandhu

शक्नुवन्ति (śaknuvanti) - are able (are able, can)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of śak

Present Active

Root class 5, Parasmaipada

Root: śak (class 5)

परित्रातुम् (paritrātum) - to protect (to protect, to save, to defend)

(verb)

active, infinitive of paritrā

Infinitive

From pari + trā

Prefix: pari

Root: trā (class 2)

नरम् (naram) - a person (a man, a person)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, hero

कालेन (kālena) - by time

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, death, fate

Root: kal (class 1)

Note: Agent of 'pīḍitam'.

पीडितम् (pīḍitam) - afflicted (afflicted, tormented, oppressed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pīḍita

pīḍita - afflicted, oppressed, harassed

Past Passive Participle

From root pīḍ

Root: pīḍ (class 10)