महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-12, chapter-220, verse-14
दैत्य न व्यथसे शौर्यादथ वा वृद्धसेवया ।
तपसा भावितत्वाद्वा सर्वथैतत्सुदुष्करम् ॥१४॥
तपसा भावितत्वाद्वा सर्वथैतत्सुदुष्करम् ॥१४॥
14. daitya na vyathase śauryādatha vā vṛddhasevayā ,
tapasā bhāvitatvādvā sarvathaitatsuduṣkaram.
tapasā bhāvitatvādvā sarvathaitatsuduṣkaram.
14.
daitya na vyathase śauryāt atha vā vṛddhasevayā
tapasā bhāvitātvāt vā sarvathā etat sudhuṣkaram
tapasā bhāvitātvāt vā sarvathā etat sudhuṣkaram
14.
daitya śauryāt atha vā vṛddhasevayā vā tapasā
bhāvitātvāt na vyathase etat sarvathā sudhuṣkaram
bhāvitātvāt na vyathase etat sarvathā sudhuṣkaram
14.
O demon, you are not disturbed, whether due to valor, or due to service to elders, or due to having been purified by asceticism (tapas). In any case, this (your composure) is extremely difficult (to maintain).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- दैत्य (daitya) - O demon, O son of Diti
- न (na) - not, no
- व्यथसे (vyathase) - you are disturbed, you tremble, you are agitated
- शौर्यात् (śauryāt) - from valor, due to bravery, by heroism
- अथ (atha) - used here as part of 'atha vā' meaning 'or else' (then, now, or)
- वा (vā) - or, either
- वृद्धसेवया (vṛddhasevayā) - by serving elders, through service to the old
- तपसा (tapasā) - by asceticism (tapas), by penance
- भावितात्वात् (bhāvitātvāt) - due to the state of having been refined/cultivated/purified
- वा (vā) - or, either
- सर्वथा (sarvathā) - in every way, by all means, completely
- एतत् (etat) - this (your composure or state) (this)
- सुधुष्करम् (sudhuṣkaram) - very difficult to do/achieve
Words meanings and morphology
दैत्य (daitya) - O demon, O son of Diti
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of daitya
daitya - demon, son of Diti (a class of mythological beings)
न (na) - not, no
(indeclinable)
व्यथसे (vyathase) - you are disturbed, you tremble, you are agitated
(verb)
2nd person , singular, middle, Present (Laṭ) of vyath
Root: vyath (class 1)
शौर्यात् (śauryāt) - from valor, due to bravery, by heroism
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of śaurya
śaurya - valor, heroism, bravery, prowess
अथ (atha) - used here as part of 'atha vā' meaning 'or else' (then, now, or)
(indeclinable)
वा (vā) - or, either
(indeclinable)
वृद्धसेवया (vṛddhasevayā) - by serving elders, through service to the old
(noun)
Instrumental, feminine, singular of vṛddhasevā
vṛddhasevā - service to elders, attendance on the old
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (vṛddha+sevā)
- vṛddha – old, aged, grown, wise
participle/adjective
Past Passive Participle
Derived from root vṛdh.
Root: vṛdh (class 1) - sevā – service, worship, devotion, attendance
noun (feminine)
तपसा (tapasā) - by asceticism (tapas), by penance
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas
tapas - asceticism, penance, spiritual fervor, heat (tapas)
भावितात्वात् (bhāvitātvāt) - due to the state of having been refined/cultivated/purified
(noun)
Ablative, neuter, singular of bhāvitātva
bhāvitātva - the state of being developed, cultivated, purified, or imbued
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhāvita+tva)
- bhāvita – cultivated, developed, infused, made manifest, purified
participle
Past Passive Participle (causative of bhū)
Derived from the causative stem of root bhū with kta suffix.
Root: bhū (class 1) - tva – suffix forming abstract nouns, 'ness', 'hood'
suffix (nominalizer) (neuter)
वा (vā) - or, either
(indeclinable)
सर्वथा (sarvathā) - in every way, by all means, completely
(indeclinable)
एतत् (etat) - this (your composure or state) (this)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of etad
etad - this, that
सुधुष्करम् (sudhuṣkaram) - very difficult to do/achieve
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of sudhuṣkara
sudhuṣkara - very difficult to do, extremely arduous, hard to accomplish
Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+duṣkara)
- su – good, well, very, excellent
prefix/indeclinable - duṣkara – difficult to do, arduous, hard to accomplish
adjective
From duṣ- (bad/difficult) + kṛ (to do) + khaL (kṛt suffix).
Prefix: dus
Root: kṛ (class 8)