महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-220, verse-38

नित्यं कालपरीतस्य मम वा मद्विधस्य वा ।
बुद्धिर्व्यसनमासाद्य भिन्ना नौरिव सीदति ॥३८॥

38. nityaṁ kālaparītasya mama vā madvidhasya vā ,
buddhirvyasanamāsādya bhinnā nauriva sīdati.

38. nityam kālaparītasya mama vā madvidhasya vā
buddhiḥ vyasanam āsādya bhinnā nauḥ iva sīdati

38. nityam kālaparītasya mama vā madvidhasya vā
vyasanam āsādya buddhiḥ bhinnā nauḥ iva sīdati

38. My intellect, or that of anyone like me, constantly assailed by time, having fallen into misfortune, sinks like a broken boat.

Words meanings summery:

• नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly (constantly, perpetually, always)

• कालपरीतस्य (kālaparītasya) - of one assailed by time (of one encompassed by time, overwhelmed by time)

• मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

• वा (vā) - or

• मद्विधस्य (madvidhasya) - or that of one like me (of one like me)

• वा (vā) - or

• बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intellect (intellect, understanding, mind)

• व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - misfortune (calamity, misfortune, distress, addiction)

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having fallen into (having reached, having attained, having approached)

• भिन्ना (bhinnā) - broken (broken, split, separated)

• नौः (nauḥ) - boat (boat, ship)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• सीदति (sīdati) - sinks (sinks, perishes, gets exhausted)

Words meanings and morphology

नित्यम् (nityam) - constantly (constantly, perpetually, always)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage of neuter accusative singular.

कालपरीतस्य (kālaparītasya) - of one assailed by time (of one encompassed by time, overwhelmed by time)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kālaparīta

kālaparīta - surrounded/encompassed/overwhelmed by time

Compound of kāla and parīta

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+parīta)

• kāla – time, destiny, death
  noun (masculine)
• parīta – surrounded, encompassed, assailed
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From pari-i ('to go around')
  Prefix: pari
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Modifies mama or madvidhasya.

मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my, we, us, our

Note: Pronominal genitive.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

मद्विधस्य (madvidhasya) - or that of one like me (of one like me)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of madvidha

madvidha - like me, of my kind

Compound of mad (a variant of asmad) and vidha

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mad+vidha)

• mad – me, my (variant of asmad)
  pronoun
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with kālaparītasya.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intellect (intellect, understanding, mind)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, perception, mind

From root budh

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Subject of sīdati.

व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - misfortune (calamity, misfortune, distress, addiction)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vyasana

vyasana - calamity, misfortune, distress, vice, addiction

From vi-as

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Object of āsādya.

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having fallen into (having reached, having attained, having approached)

(indeclinable participle)

Note: Modifies the main verb sīdati.

भिन्ना (bhinnā) - broken (broken, split, separated)

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhinna

bhinna - broken, split, pierced, differentiated

Past Passive Participle

From root bhid (7th class) + kta affix

Root: bhid (class 7)

Note: Modifies nauḥ.

नौः (nauḥ) - boat (boat, ship)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nau

nau - boat, ship

Note: Part of simile "like a broken boat".

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating comparison.

सीदति (sīdati) - sinks (sinks, perishes, gets exhausted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of sad

Present indicative, 3rd person singular

From root sad (1st class) + lat affix

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Main verb. Subject is buddhiḥ.