महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-220, verse-68

कालः प्रथममायान्मां पश्चात्त्वामनुधावति ।
तेन गर्जसि देवेन्द्र पूर्वं कालहते मयि ॥६८॥

68. kālaḥ prathamamāyānmāṁ paścāttvāmanudhāvati ,
tena garjasi devendra pūrvaṁ kālahate mayi.

68. kālaḥ prathamam āyān mām paścāt tvām anudhāvati
tena garjasi devendra pūrvam kālahate mayi

68. devendra kālaḥ prathamam mām āyān paścāt tvām
anudhāvati tena pūrvam mayi kālahate garjasi

68. Time (kāla), having first approached me, then pursues you. Therefore, O King of gods, you boast now that I am already subdued by Time (kāla).

Words meanings summery:

• कालः (kālaḥ) - Time, the god of time

• प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first, at first

• आयान् (āyān) - coming, approaching

• माम् (mām) - me

• पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards, behind, later

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you

• अनुधावति (anudhāvati) - he pursues, he follows, he runs after

• तेन (tena) - by that, therefore

• गर्जसि (garjasi) - you roar, you boast, you thunder

• देवेन्द्र (devendra) - O King of gods (Indra)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously, before

• कालहते (kālahate) - when struck by Time, subdued by Time

• मयि (mayi) - in me, on me, when I am

Words meanings and morphology

कालः (kālaḥ) - Time, the god of time

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, fate, death, the god of time

प्रथमम् (prathamam) - first, at first

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially (accusative of manner).

आयान् (āyān) - coming, approaching

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āyāt

āyāt - coming, approaching

Present Active Participle

From ā- + root i (to go), suffix śatṛ

Prefix: ā

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Sandhi with 'mām' results in 'n'.

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

पश्चात् (paścāt) - afterwards, behind, later

(indeclinable)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

अनुधावति (anudhāvati) - he pursues, he follows, he runs after

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dhāv

Prefix: anu

Root: dhāv (class 1)

तेन (tena) - by that, therefore

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

गर्जसि (garjasi) - you roar, you boast, you thunder

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of garj

Root: garj (class 1)

देवेन्द्र (devendra) - O King of gods (Indra)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of devendra

devendra - king of gods (Indra)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+indra)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• indra – Indra (name of a deity)
  proper noun (masculine)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly, previously, before

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially (accusative of manner).

कालहते (kālahate) - when struck by Time, subdued by Time

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of kālahata

kālahata - struck by Time, killed by Time, subdued by Time

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+hata)

• kāla – time, fate, death
  noun (masculine)
• hata – struck, killed, destroyed, subdued
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root han (to strike, kill), suffix kta
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction: 'kālahate mayi' (when I am struck/subdued by Time).

मयि (mayi) - in me, on me, when I am

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction: 'kālahate mayi' (when I am struck/subdued by Time).