महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-220, verse-22

अशक्तः पूर्वमासीस्त्वं कथंचिच्छक्ततां गतः ।
कस्त्वदन्य इमा वाचः सुक्रूरा वक्तुमर्हति ॥२२॥

22. aśaktaḥ pūrvamāsīstvaṁ kathaṁcicchaktatāṁ gataḥ ,
kastvadanya imā vācaḥ sukrūrā vaktumarhati.

22. aśaktaḥ pūrvam āsīḥ tvam kathaṃcit śaktatām gataḥ
kaḥ tvat anyaḥ imāḥ vācaḥ sukrūrāḥ vaktum arhati

22. tvam pūrvam aśaktaḥ āsīḥ kathaṃcit śaktatām gataḥ
tvat anyaḥ kaḥ imāḥ sukrūrāḥ vācaḥ vaktum arhati

22. You were formerly powerless, but somehow you have gained strength. Who else but you is capable of speaking such extremely cruel words?

Words meanings summery:

• अशक्तः (aśaktaḥ) - powerless (powerless, weak, unable)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly (formerly, previously, before)

• आसीः (āsīḥ) - you were

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• कथंचित् (kathaṁcit) - somehow (somehow, by any means, with difficulty)

• शक्तताम् (śaktatām) - strength (capability, power, strength)

• गतः (gataḥ) - attained, gained (gone, attained, reached)

• कः (kaḥ) - who

• त्वत् (tvat) - from you

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other than (other, different)

• इमाः (imāḥ) - these

• वाचः (vācaḥ) - words (words, speeches)

• सुक्रूराः (sukrūrāḥ) - extremely cruel (very cruel, exceedingly harsh)

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak (to speak, to say, to utter)

• अर्हति (arhati) - is capable (is able, deserves, is fit)

Words meanings and morphology

अशक्तः (aśaktaḥ) - powerless (powerless, weak, unable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśakta

aśakta - powerless, unable, weak

Past Passive Participle (negative compound)

Compound of A (negation) + Śakta (capable, able), from root ŚAK (to be able).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śakta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• śakta – capable, able, powerful
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ŚAK (to be able).
  Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'tvam'.

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - formerly (formerly, previously, before)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form of 'pūrva'.

आसीः (āsīḥ) - you were

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect, 2nd person singular.

Root AS (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Second person pronoun.

कथंचित् (kathaṁcit) - somehow (somehow, by any means, with difficulty)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial particle.

शक्तताम् (śaktatām) - strength (capability, power, strength)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śaktatā

śaktatā - capability, power, strength, ability

Derived from Śakta (able) with suffix -tā (feminine noun suffix).

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Object of 'gataḥ'.

गतः (gataḥ) - attained, gained (gone, attained, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, attained, obtained

Past Passive Participle

From root GAM (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tvam'.

कः (kaḥ) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'arhati'.

त्वत् (tvat) - from you

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Second person pronoun.

Note: Used with 'anyaḥ' meaning 'other than you'.

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other than (other, different)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, different, another

Note: Used with ablative 'tvat' to form 'other than you'.

इमाः (imāḥ) - these

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with 'vācaḥ'.

वाचः (vācaḥ) - words (words, speeches)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - word, speech, voice

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'vaktum'.

सुक्रूराः (sukrūrāḥ) - extremely cruel (very cruel, exceedingly harsh)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of sukrūra

sukrūra - very cruel, exceedingly harsh

Compound of SU (very, exceedingly) + Krūra (cruel).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+krūra)

• su – good, well, very, exceedingly
  indeclinable
  Intensifying prefix.
• krūra – cruel, fierce, harsh
  adjective (feminine)

Note: Agrees with 'vācaḥ'.

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak (to speak, to say, to utter)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Formed from root VAC (to speak) + suffix -tum.

Root: vac (class 2)

अर्हति (arhati) - is capable (is able, deserves, is fit)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present indicative, 3rd person singular.

Root ARH (to be worthy, to be able).

Root: arh (class 1)