महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-220, verse-23

यस्तु शत्रोर्वशस्थस्य शक्तोऽपि कुरुते दयाम् ।
हस्तप्राप्तस्य वीरस्य तं चैव पुरुषं विदुः ॥२३॥

23. yastu śatrorvaśasthasya śakto'pi kurute dayām ,
hastaprāptasya vīrasya taṁ caiva puruṣaṁ viduḥ.

23. yaḥ tu śatroḥ vaśasthasya śaktaḥ api kurute dayām
hastaprāptasya vīrasya tam ca eva puruṣam viduḥ

23. yaḥ śaktaḥ api śatroḥ vaśasthasya hastaprāptasya
vīrasya dayām kurute tam eva puruṣam viduḥ

23. Indeed, they consider that man (puruṣa) to be a true hero who, even when capable (śakta) of doing otherwise, shows compassion (dayā) to an enemy who has fallen into his hands or is under his control.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, he who)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

• शत्रोः (śatroḥ) - of an enemy

• वशस्थस्य (vaśasthasya) - of one who is under his control (of one who is in power, of one who is under control)

• शक्तः (śaktaḥ) - capable (capable, able, powerful)

• अपि (api) - even if, although (even, also, although)

• कुरुते (kurute) - he shows, he performs (he does, he performs, he makes)

• दयाम् (dayām) - compassion (dayā) (mercy, compassion, pity)

• हस्तप्राप्तस्य (hastaprāptasya) - of one who has fallen into his hands (of one who has come into hand, of one obtained, of one captured)

• वीरस्य (vīrasya) - of a hero, of a brave man

• तम् (tam) - that man (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - truly (indeed, only, just, truly)

• पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - man (puruṣa) (person, man (puruṣa))

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they consider (they know, they understand, they consider)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Relative pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'kurute'.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

शत्रोः (śatroḥ) - of an enemy

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe

Root: śat

Note: Qualifies 'vaśasthasya' and 'hastaprāptasya vīrasya'.

वशस्थस्य (vaśasthasya) - of one who is under his control (of one who is in power, of one who is under control)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vaśastha

vaśastha - situated in power, under control, obedient

Compound of VAŚA (will, power, control) + STHA (standing, being).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vaśa+stha)

• vaśa – will, power, control, authority
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, staying, being in
  adjective (masculine)
  From root STHĀ (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'śatroḥ'.

शक्तः (śaktaḥ) - capable (capable, able, powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakta

śakta - capable, able, powerful

Past Passive Participle

From root ŚAK (to be able).

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject of 'kurute', i.e., 'yaḥ'.

अपि (api) - even if, although (even, also, although)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle. Often used to indicate concession ('even if', 'although').

कुरुते (kurute) - he shows, he performs (he does, he performs, he makes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present indicative, 3rd person singular, middle voice.

Root KṚ (to do).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

दयाम् (dayām) - compassion (dayā) (mercy, compassion, pity)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dayā

dayā - mercy, compassion, pity

Root: day (class 1)

Note: Object of 'kurute'.

हस्तप्राप्तस्य (hastaprāptasya) - of one who has fallen into his hands (of one who has come into hand, of one obtained, of one captured)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of hastaprāpta

hastaprāpta - obtained by hand, fallen into one's hands, captured

Past Passive Participle (compound)

Compound of HASTA (hand) + PRĀPTA (obtained), from root ĀP (to obtain) with prefix PRA.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hasta+prāpta)

• hasta – hand
  noun (masculine)
• prāpta – obtained, reached, gained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ĀP (to obtain) with prefix PRA.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'śatroḥ' and 'vīrasya'.

वीरस्य (vīrasya) - of a hero, of a brave man

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

Root: vī

Note: Qualifies 'śatroḥ'.

तम् (tam) - that man (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of 'viduḥ'. Refers back to 'yaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एव (eva) - truly (indeed, only, just, truly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

पुरुषम् (puruṣam) - man (puruṣa) (person, man (puruṣa))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, male, person, human being, cosmic person (puruṣa)

Note: Predicative accusative with 'tam' (they know him as a man).

विदुः (viduḥ) - they consider (they know, they understand, they consider)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Present indicative, 3rd person plural (or perfect).

Root VID (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)