महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-51, verse-86

अद्य हाहाकृता दीना विषण्णास्त्वच्छरार्दिताः ।
प्रपतन्तं रथात्कर्णं पश्यन्तु वसुधाधिपाः ॥८६॥

86. adya hāhākṛtā dīnā viṣaṇṇāstvaccharārditāḥ ,
prapatantaṁ rathātkarṇaṁ paśyantu vasudhādhipāḥ.

86. adya hāhākṛtāḥ dīnāḥ viṣaṇṇāḥ tvaccharārditāḥ |
prapatantam rathāt karṇam paśyantu vasudhādhipāḥ

86. adya vasudhādhipāḥ hāhākṛtāḥ dīnāḥ viṣaṇṇāḥ tvaccharārditāḥ rathāt prapatantam karṇam paśyantu.

86. Today, may the kings, crying out 'hā hā' in distress, miserable, dejected, and tormented by your arrows, see Karna falling from his chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• हाहाकृताः (hāhākṛtāḥ) - crying 'hā hā' (in distress), lamenting

• दीनाः (dīnāḥ) - miserable, distressed, sad

• विषण्णाः (viṣaṇṇāḥ) - dejected, sad, dispirited

• त्वच्छरार्दिताः (tvaccharārditāḥ) - tormented by your arrows

• प्रपतन्तम् (prapatantam) - falling down, dropping

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna (proper noun)

• पश्यन्तु (paśyantu) - may they see, let them behold

• वसुधाधिपाः (vasudhādhipāḥ) - kings, rulers of the earth

Words meanings and morphology

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

हाहाकृताः (hāhākṛtāḥ) - crying 'hā hā' (in distress), lamenting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hāhākṛta

hāhākṛta - crying 'hā hā', lamenting, lamentations made

Compound formed from hāhā (interjection of distress) and kṛta (made, done).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hāhā+kṛta)

• hāhā – interjection of distress, alas
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √kṛ (to do, make) with kta suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'vasudhādhipāḥ'.

दीनाः (dīnāḥ) - miserable, distressed, sad

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dīna

dīna - miserable, distressed, sad, wretched

Past Passive Participle

From √dā (to pine, suffer).

Root: dā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vasudhādhipāḥ'.

विषण्णाः (viṣaṇṇāḥ) - dejected, sad, dispirited

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of viṣaṇṇa

viṣaṇṇa - dejected, sad, dispirited, despondent

Past Passive Participle

From vi-√sad (to sink down, be dejected) with kta suffix; dental 's' changes to 'ṣ' due to 'vi', and 'd' to 'ṇ'.

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vasudhādhipāḥ'.

त्वच्छरार्दिताः (tvaccharārditāḥ) - tormented by your arrows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tvaccharārdita

tvaccharārdita - tormented/afflicted by your arrows

Compound formed from tvat (your), śara (arrow), ardita (tormented).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tvat+śara+ardita)

• tvat – your, from you
  pronoun
  Stem form of yuşmad for compounds, especially before 'ś' (t-ś becomes cch).
• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śṛ (class 9)
• ardita – tormented, afflicted, pained
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √ard (to torment, distress) or causative of √ṛ (to go, move).
  Root: ard (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'vasudhādhipāḥ'.

प्रपतन्तम् (prapatantam) - falling down, dropping

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prapatat

prapatat - falling down, dropping, alighting

Present Active Participle

From pra-√pat (to fall down) with śatṛ suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'karṇam'.

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Indicates separation from the chariot.

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (name of a warrior in Mahabharata), ear

Note: Object of 'paśyantu'.

पश्यन्तु (paśyantu) - may they see, let them behold

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

Imperative active

3rd person plural imperative active from √dṛś (to see), stem paśya.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'vasudhādhipāḥ'.

वसुधाधिपाः (vasudhādhipāḥ) - kings, rulers of the earth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vasudhādhipa

vasudhādhipa - king, ruler of the earth

Compound from vasudhā (earth) and adhipa (lord, ruler).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vasudhā+adhipa)

• vasudhā – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, king
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi-√pā (to protect, rule).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)