महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-51, verse-4

भूत्वा हि कौरवाः पार्थ प्रभूतगजवाजिनः ।
त्वां वै शत्रुं समासाद्य विनष्टा रणमूर्धनि ॥४॥

4. bhūtvā hi kauravāḥ pārtha prabhūtagajavājinaḥ ,
tvāṁ vai śatruṁ samāsādya vinaṣṭā raṇamūrdhani.

4. bhūtvā hi kauravāḥ pārtha prabhūtagajavājinaḥ
tvām vai śatrum samāsādya vinaṣṭāḥ raṇamūrdhani

4. pārtha hi prabhūtagajavājinaḥ kauravāḥ tvām vai
śatrum samāsādya raṇamūrdhani bhūtvā vinaṣṭāḥ

4. Indeed, O Pārtha, the Kauravas, despite possessing abundant elephants and horses, perished on the battlefield after encountering you as an enemy.

Words meanings summery:

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having been, having become

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• कौरवाः (kauravāḥ) - the Kauravas, descendants of Kuru

• पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pṛthā, O Arjuna

• प्रभूतगजवाजिनः (prabhūtagajavājinaḥ) - having abundant elephants and horses

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative singular)

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely

• शत्रुम् (śatrum) - enemy, foe

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having met, having encountered, having obtained

• विनष्टाः (vinaṣṭāḥ) - destroyed, perished

• रणमूर्धनि (raṇamūrdhani) - on the battlefield, in the forefront of battle

Words meanings and morphology

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having been, having become

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive formed from the root bhū by adding the suffix -tvā.

Root: bhū (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

कौरवाः (kauravāḥ) - the Kauravas, descendants of Kuru

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - a descendant of Kuru; belonging to the Kurus

Derived from Kuru with the aṇ pratyaya.

पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pṛthā, O Arjuna

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī); Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā with the aṇ pratyaya.

प्रभूतगजवाजिनः (prabhūtagajavājinaḥ) - having abundant elephants and horses

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prabhūtagajavājin

prabhūtagajavājin - possessing abundant elephants and horses

Compound adjective.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (prabhūta+gaja+vājin)

• prabhūta – abundant, numerous, extensive, arisen
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root bhū with prefix pra.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• vājin – horse, swift, strong
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'kauravāḥ'.

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (second person pronoun)

वै (vai) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

शत्रुम् (śatrum) - enemy, foe

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, rival

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having met, having encountered, having obtained

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Absolutive formed from root sad with prefixes sam and ā, using the -ya suffix.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

विनष्टाः (vinaṣṭāḥ) - destroyed, perished

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vinaṣṭa

vinaṣṭa - destroyed, ruined, perished

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root naś with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'kauravāḥ'.

रणमूर्धनि (raṇamūrdhani) - on the battlefield, in the forefront of battle

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇamūrdhan

raṇamūrdhan - forefront of battle, head of a battle

Compound noun.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raṇa+mūrdhan)

• raṇa – battle, war, conflict
  noun (masculine)
• mūrdhan – head, summit, forefront
  noun (masculine)