महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-51, verse-41

यदि चैव परान्युद्धे सूतपुत्रमुखान्रथान् ।
नावारयिष्यः संग्रामे न स्म द्रोणो व्यनङ्क्ष्यत ॥४१॥

41. yadi caiva parānyuddhe sūtaputramukhānrathān ,
nāvārayiṣyaḥ saṁgrāme na sma droṇo vyanaṅkṣyata.

41. yadi ca eva parān yuddhe sūtaputramukhān rathān
na avārayiṣyaḥ saṃgrāme na sma droṇaḥ vyanakṣyata

41. yadi ca eva yuddhe sūtaputramukhān parān rathān
saṃgrāme na avārayiṣyaḥ na sma droṇaḥ vyanakṣyata

41. If indeed you had not held back the enemy chariots, led by Karṇa, in battle, Drona would not have been killed in the war.

Words meanings summery:

• यदि (yadi) - if

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• परान् (parān) - enemy chariots/forces (others, enemies)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

• सूतपुत्रमुखान् (sūtaputramukhān) - headed by Karṇa (headed by the son of Sūta)

• रथान् (rathān) - chariots

• न (na) - not

• अवारयिष्यः (avārayiṣyaḥ) - you would have prevented/warded off

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in war

• न (na) - not

• स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

• व्यनक्ष्यत (vyanakṣyata) - would have died (would have been destroyed, would have perished)

Words meanings and morphology

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

परान् (parān) - enemy chariots/forces (others, enemies)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, different, hostile, enemy, supreme, distant

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war, combat

From the root √yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

सूतपुत्रमुखान् (sūtaputramukhān) - headed by Karṇa (headed by the son of Sūta)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sūtaputramukha

sūtaputramukha - having the son of Sūta as chief; led by Karṇa

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sūtaputra+mukha)

• sūtaputra – son of a charioteer; Karṇa
  noun (masculine)
• mukha – face, mouth, chief, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'rathān'.

रथान् (rathān) - chariots

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

From the root √ram (to delight, stop, move).

Root: ram (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अवारयिष्यः (avārayiṣyaḥ) - you would have prevented/warded off

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, conditional (lṛṅ) of vārayiṣya

aorist conditional (future perfect potential)

Second person singular, active voice, aorist conditional of the causative of √vṛ (to cover, ward off), with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, conflict, encounter

From √gram (to go, walk) with prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: gram (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Strengthens the counterfactual implication with the conditional verb.

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (name of the royal preceptor to the Kauravas and Pandavas)

व्यनक्ष्यत (vyanakṣyata) - would have died (would have been destroyed, would have perished)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, conditional (lṛṅ) of vyanakṣyata

aorist conditional (future perfect potential)

Third person singular, middle voice, aorist conditional of the root √naś (to perish, be lost) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: naś (class 4)