महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-51, verse-45

आश्चर्यं सिन्धुराजस्य वधं जानन्ति पार्थिवाः ।
अनाश्चर्यं हि तत्त्वत्तस्त्वं हि पार्थ महारथः ॥४५॥

45. āścaryaṁ sindhurājasya vadhaṁ jānanti pārthivāḥ ,
anāścaryaṁ hi tattvattastvaṁ hi pārtha mahārathaḥ.

45. āścaryam sindhurājasya vadham jānanti pārthivāḥ
anāścaryam hi tat tvattaḥ tvam hi pārtha mahārathaḥ

45. pārthivāḥ sindhurājasya vadham āścaryam jānanti.
hi pārtha,
tat tvattaḥ anāścaryam.
hi tvam mahārathaḥ.

45. Kings consider the slaying of the king of Sindhu to be a wonder. But that, from you, O Pārtha (Arjuna), is certainly not a wonder, for you are indeed a great warrior.

Words meanings summery:

• आश्चर्यम् (āścaryam) - wonder, surprise, amazing

• सिन्धुराजस्य (sindhurājasya) - of Jayadratha (of the king of Sindhu)

• वधम् (vadham) - slaying, killing, destruction

• जानन्ति (jānanti) - they know, they recognize, they consider

• पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - kings, princes, earthly rulers

• अनाश्चर्यम् (anāścaryam) - not surprising, not a wonder

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the slaying of Jayadratha. (that)

• त्वत्तः (tvattaḥ) - From Arjuna (from you)

• त्वम् (tvam) - Arjuna (you)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• पार्थ (pārtha) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā, Arjuna)

• महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer, great warrior

Words meanings and morphology

आश्चर्यम् (āścaryam) - wonder, surprise, amazing

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āścarya

āścarya - wonder, surprise, astonishing

Note: Object of 'jānanti', understood as 'as a wonder'.

सिन्धुराजस्य (sindhurājasya) - of Jayadratha (of the king of Sindhu)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sindhurāja

sindhurāja - king of Sindhu

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sindhu+rājan)

• sindhu – Sindhu river, region of Sindhu
  proper noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Pertains to vadham.

वधम् (vadham) - slaying, killing, destruction

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - slaying, killing, striking

From root √vadh (to strike, kill).

Root: √vadh (class 1)

Note: Object of jānanti.

जानन्ति (jānanti) - they know, they recognize, they consider

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of √jñā

Present tense, third person plural

From root √jñā, 9th class verb.

Root: √jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject is pārthivāḥ.

पार्थिवाः (pārthivāḥ) - kings, princes, earthly rulers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, royal, king, prince

Derived from pṛthivī (earth).

Note: Subject of jānanti.

अनाश्चर्यम् (anāścaryam) - not surprising, not a wonder

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anāścarya

anāścarya - not wonderful, not surprising, ordinary

Negative compound with prefix 'an'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+āścarya)

• na – not
  indeclinable
• āścarya – wonder, surprise
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'tat'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating emphasis or reason.

तत् (tat) - Refers to the slaying of Jayadratha. (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of an implied verb 'is'.

त्वत्तः (tvattaḥ) - From Arjuna (from you)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Ablative singular of yuṣmad.

Note: Source/origin of the action, implying 'expected from you'.

त्वम् (tvam) - Arjuna (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Nominative singular of yuṣmad.

Note: Subject of an implied verb 'are'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating emphasis or reason.

पार्थ (pārtha) - Arjuna (son of Pṛthā, Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī)

From Pṛthā + aṇ suffix.

Note: Direct address.

महारथः (mahārathaḥ) - great charioteer, great warrior

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, great warrior, commander of many chariots

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (often implying charioteer)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'tvam'.