महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-51, verse-30

दिनानि दश भीष्मेण निघ्नता तावकं बलम् ।
शून्याः कृता रथोपस्था हताश्च गजवाजिनः ॥३०॥

30. dināni daśa bhīṣmeṇa nighnatā tāvakaṁ balam ,
śūnyāḥ kṛtā rathopasthā hatāśca gajavājinaḥ.

30. dināni daśa bhīṣmeṇa nighnatā tāvakam balam
śūnyāḥ kṛtāḥ rathopasthāḥ hatāḥ ca gajavājinaḥ

30. bhīṣmeṇa daśa dināni tāvakam balam nighnatā
rathopasthāḥ śūnyāḥ kṛtāḥ ca gajavājinaḥ hatāḥ

30. For ten days, as Bhishma was striking down your army, the chariot warriors were annihilated, and the elephants and horses were killed.

Words meanings summery:

• दिनानि (dināni) - days

• दश (daśa) - ten

• भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - by Bhishma

• निघ्नता (nighnatā) - while he (Bhishma) was striking down (by one killing, while killing)

• तावकम् (tāvakam) - your, yours

• बलम् (balam) - army (strength, force, army)

• शून्याः (śūnyāḥ) - annihilated, made vacant (empty, vacant, void, annihilated)

• कृताः (kṛtāḥ) - made, done

• रथोपस्थाः (rathopasthāḥ) - charioteers, chariot warriors

• हताः (hatāḥ) - killed, slain

• च (ca) - and, also

• गजवाजिनः (gajavājinaḥ) - elephants and horses

Words meanings and morphology

दिनानि (dināni) - days

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of dina

dina - day

Note: Temporal accusative indicating duration.

दश (daśa) - ten

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies dināni.

भीष्मेण (bhīṣmeṇa) - by Bhishma

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper name), terrible

Note: Agent in passive construction, or agent of participle nighnatā.

निघ्नता (nighnatā) - while he (Bhishma) was striking down (by one killing, while killing)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of nighnat

nighnat - striking, killing, destroying

Present Active Participle

From root han 'to strike, kill' with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies bhīṣmeṇa.

तावकम् (tāvakam) - your, yours

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, relating to you

Derived from tvad 'you'.

Note: Qualifies balam.

बलम् (balam) - army (strength, force, army)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, army, force

Note: Object of nighnatā.

शून्याः (śūnyāḥ) - annihilated, made vacant (empty, vacant, void, annihilated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūnya

śūnya - empty, void, null, absent

Note: Predicative adjective for rathopasthāḥ.

कृताः (kṛtāḥ) - made, done

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

From root kṛ 'to do, make'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Part of the passive verbal construction 'śūnyāḥ kṛtāḥ'.

रथोपस्थाः (rathopasthāḥ) - charioteers, chariot warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathopastha

rathopastha - one standing on a chariot, a charioteer, a chariot warrior

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+upastha)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• upastha – seat, lap, standing place
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the passive construction.

हताः (hatāḥ) - killed, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root han 'to strike, kill'.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Part of the passive verbal construction 'hatāḥ ca gajavājinaḥ'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

गजवाजिनः (gajavājinaḥ) - elephants and horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gajavājin

gajavājin - elephants and horses

Compound type : dvandva (gaja+vājin)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• vājin – horse, winged
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the passive verb hatāḥ.