महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-51, verse-37

स एष पतितः शेते शरतल्पे पितामहः ।
त्वां प्राप्य पुरुषव्याघ्र गृध्रः प्राप्येव वायसम् ॥३७॥

37. sa eṣa patitaḥ śete śaratalpe pitāmahaḥ ,
tvāṁ prāpya puruṣavyāghra gṛdhraḥ prāpyeva vāyasam.

37. saḥ eṣaḥ patitaḥ śete śaratālpe pitāmahaḥ tvām
prāpya puruṣavyāghra gṛdhraḥ prāpya iva vāyasam

37. saḥ eṣaḥ pitāmahaḥ patitaḥ śaratālpe śete.
puruṣavyāghra,
tvām prāpya gṛdhraḥ vāyasam iva (śete).

37. That grandfather (Bhishma) lies fallen on a bed of arrows. O tiger among men, having encountered you, he is like a crow caught by a vulture.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that one

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one

• पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen

• शेते (śete) - lies, is lying

• शरताल्पे (śaratālpe) - on a bed of arrows

• पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - the grandfather (Bhishma) (the grandfather)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having encountered

• पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O tiger among men, O best of men

• गृध्रः (gṛdhraḥ) - a vulture

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having seized

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• वायसम् (vāyasam) - a crow

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Often used with `saḥ` for emphasis, 'that very one'.

पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, descended, outcast

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pat, meaning to fall.

Root: pat (class 1)

शेते (śete) - lies, is lying

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (Laṭ) of śī

Root: śī (class 2)

शरताल्पे (śaratālpe) - on a bed of arrows

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of śaratālpa

śaratālpa - bed of arrows

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (śara+talpa)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• talpa – bed, couch
  noun (masculine)

पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - the grandfather (Bhishma) (the grandfather)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, Brahma

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

त्वाम् (tvām) - you

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having encountered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Indeclinable participle formed with prefix pra- from root āp.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

पुरुषव्याघ्र (puruṣavyāghra) - O tiger among men, O best of men

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣavyāghra

puruṣavyāghra - tiger among men, excellent man

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+vyāghra)

• puruṣa – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

गृध्रः (gṛdhraḥ) - a vulture

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gṛdhra

gṛdhra - vulture, greedy

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having seized

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Indeclinable participle formed with prefix pra- from root āp.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

वायसम् (vāyasam) - a crow

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāyasa

vāyasa - crow