महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-51, verse-76

ततश्छिन्नायुधं तेन रणे पञ्च महारथाः ।
स चैव निकृतिप्रज्ञः प्रावधीच्छरवृष्टिभिः ॥७६॥

76. tataśchinnāyudhaṁ tena raṇe pañca mahārathāḥ ,
sa caiva nikṛtiprajñaḥ prāvadhīccharavṛṣṭibhiḥ.

76. tataḥ chinnāyudham tena raṇe pañca mahārathāḥ
saḥ ca eva nikṛtiprajñaḥ prāvadīt śaravṛṣṭibhiḥ

76. tataḥ raṇe tena pañca mahārathāḥ chinnāyudham
saḥ ca eva nikṛtiprajñaḥ śaravṛṣṭibhiḥ prāvadīt

76. Then, in battle, five great charioteers, whose weapons had been severed by him, were struck down by that very person (Karṇa), who had a deceitful intellect, with showers of arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, therefore, from that

• छिन्नायुधम् (chinnāyudham) - describing the state of the great charioteers (whose weapons were severed, having cut weapons)

• तेन (tena) - by Karṇa (by him, with him, by that)

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - the five great charioteers who were attacked (great charioteers, great warriors)

• सः (saḥ) - Karṇa (he, that)

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• निकृतिप्रज्ञः (nikṛtiprajñaḥ) - Karṇa, who is known for his cunning (of deceitful intellect, cunning, treacherous in wisdom)

• प्रावदीत् (prāvadīt) - struck down, killed

• शरवृष्टिभिः (śaravṛṣṭibhiḥ) - with showers of arrows

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

छिन्नायुधम् (chinnāyudham) - describing the state of the great charioteers (whose weapons were severed, having cut weapons)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of chinnāyudha

chinnāyudha - having severed weapons

Bahuvrihi compound: chinna (severed) + āyudha (weapon)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (chinna+āyudha)

• chinna – severed, cut
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √chid (to cut, sever)
  Root: chid (class 7)
• āyudha – weapon, implement
  noun (neuter)

Note: Neuter singular accusative participle used adverbially to describe the state of the 'mahārathāḥ' when they were struck down, meaning 'having their weapons severed'.

तेन (tena) - by Karṇa (by him, with him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Karṇa.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

Root: raṇ (class 1)

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

Note: Acts as an adjective for 'mahārathāḥ'.

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - the five great charioteers who were attacked (great charioteers, great warriors)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, great warrior, commander of many chariots

Tatpurusha compound: mahā (great) + ratha (chariot/warrior)

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
  From mahat (great)
• ratha – chariot, warrior (one who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)

Note: The subjects of the implicit action of 'being struck down'.

सः (saḥ) - Karṇa (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Karṇa, the primary agent of striking down.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

निकृतिप्रज्ञः (nikṛtiprajñaḥ) - Karṇa, who is known for his cunning (of deceitful intellect, cunning, treacherous in wisdom)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nikṛtiprajña

nikṛtiprajña - having a deceitful or treacherous intellect

Bahuvrihi compound: nikṛti (deceit, treachery) + prajñā (intellect, wisdom)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (nikṛti+prajñā)

• nikṛti – deceit, treachery, fraud
  noun (feminine)
  From ni + √kṛ (to do)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• prajñā – intellect, wisdom, understanding
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ' (Karṇa).

प्रावदीत् (prāvadīt) - struck down, killed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Aorist (luṅ) of vadh

Aorist 3rd singular active

Root √vadh (class 1, sometimes 4) with prefix pra. Aorist form avadhīt becomes prāvadīt with pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'saḥ' (Karṇa); the implicit object is 'pañca mahārathāḥ'.

शरवृष्टिभिः (śaravṛṣṭibhiḥ) - with showers of arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of śaravṛṣṭi

śaravṛṣṭi - shower of arrows

Tatpurusha compound: śara (arrow) + vṛṣṭi (rain, shower)

Compound type : tatpurusha (śara+vṛṣṭi)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• vṛṣṭi – rain, shower
  noun (feminine)
  From √vṛṣ (to rain)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Instrument of Karṇa's action of striking down.