महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-51, verse-74

अपयानकृतोत्साहो निराशश्चापि जीविते ।
तस्थौ सुविह्वलः संख्ये प्रहारजनितश्रमः ॥७४॥

74. apayānakṛtotsāho nirāśaścāpi jīvite ,
tasthau suvihvalaḥ saṁkhye prahārajanitaśramaḥ.

74. apayāna-kṛta-utsāhaḥ nirāśaḥ ca api jīvite |
tasthau su-vihvalaḥ saṅkhye prahāra-janita-śramaḥ

74. apayāna-kṛta-utsāhaḥ jīvite ca api nirāśaḥ
prahāra-janita-śramaḥ saṅkhye su-vihvalaḥ tasthau

74. With his resolve set on retreating, and despairing even of his life, he stood utterly bewildered on the battlefield, exhausted by the blows.

Words meanings summery:

• अपयान-कृत-उत्साहः (apayāna-kṛta-utsāhaḥ) - having made an effort for retreat, resolved on flight

• निराशः (nirāśaḥ) - hopeless, despairing, without hope

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• अपि (api) - also, even, too, moreover

• जीविते (jīvite) - in life, regarding life

• तस्थौ (tasthau) - he stood, he remained

• सु-विह्वलः (su-vihvalaḥ) - greatly bewildered, utterly agitated

• सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - on the battlefield (in battle, in conflict)

• प्रहार-जनित-श्रमः (prahāra-janita-śramaḥ) - whose fatigue is caused by blows, exhausted by blows

Words meanings and morphology

अपयान-कृत-उत्साहः (apayāna-kṛta-utsāhaḥ) - having made an effort for retreat, resolved on flight

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apayāna-kṛtotsāha

apayāna-kṛtotsāha - having made an effort for retreat, resolved on flight

Compound: apayāna (retreat) + kṛta (made) + utsāha (effort)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (apayāna+kṛta+utsāha)

• apayāna – retreat, flight, going away
  noun (neuter)
  From root yā (to go) with upasargas apa
  Prefix: apa
  Root: yā (class 2)
• kṛta – made, done, performed
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• utsāha – effort, enthusiasm, energy, resolve
  noun (masculine)
  From root sah (to be able) with upasargas ut
  Prefix: ut
  Root: sah (class 1)

निराशः (nirāśaḥ) - hopeless, despairing, without hope

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirāśa

nirāśa - hopeless, despairing, without hope

Compound of nis (without) and āśā (hope)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+āśā)

• nis – without, out, away
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating negation or separation
• āśā – hope, expectation, desire
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: aś (class 5)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too, moreover

(indeclinable)

जीविते (jīvite) - in life, regarding life

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living, alive

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root jīv (to live)

Root: jīv (class 1)

तस्थौ (tasthau) - he stood, he remained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of sthā

Perfect tense (lit)

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice of root sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

सु-विह्वलः (su-vihvalaḥ) - greatly bewildered, utterly agitated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suvihvala

suvihvala - greatly agitated, utterly bewildered, very much disturbed

Compound of su (prefix for very) and vihvala (bewildered)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+vihvala)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix for intensification
• vihvala – bewildered, agitated, confused, trembling
  adjective
  From root hval (to tremble, stagger) with upasarga vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: hval (class 1)

सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - on the battlefield (in battle, in conflict)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṅkhya

saṅkhya - battle, war, combat

प्रहार-जनित-श्रमः (prahāra-janita-śramaḥ) - whose fatigue is caused by blows, exhausted by blows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prahāra-janita-śrama

prahāra-janita-śrama - exhausted by blows, whose weariness is produced by strikes

Compound: prahāra (blow) + janita (caused) + śrama (fatigue)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prahāra+janita+śrama)

• prahāra – blow, stroke, strike, hit
  noun (masculine)
  From root hṛ (to seize, take) with upasarga pra
  Prefix: pra
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• janita – produced, caused, generated, born
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root jan (to be born, produce)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• śrama – fatigue, weariness, exertion, toil
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śram (class 4)