महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-49, verse-9

दद गाण्डीवमन्यस्मा इति मां योऽभिचोदयेत् ।
छिन्द्यामहं शिरस्तस्य इत्युपांशुव्रतं मम ॥९॥

9. dada gāṇḍīvamanyasmā iti māṁ yo'bhicodayet ,
chindyāmahaṁ śirastasya ityupāṁśuvrataṁ mama.

9. dada gāṇḍīvam anyasmai iti mām yaḥ abhicodayet
chindyām aham śiraḥ tasya iti upāṃśuvratam mama

9. yaḥ mām iti gāṇḍīvam anyasmai dada iti abhicodayet
aham tasya śiraḥ chindyām iti mama upāṃśuvratam

9. If anyone were to incite me, saying, 'Give the Gāṇḍīva (bow) to another,' I would cut off his head; this is my secret vow.

Words meanings summery:

• दद (dada) - give (imperative 2nd singular)

• गाण्डीवम् (gāṇḍīvam) - the Gāṇḍīva (bow)

• अन्यस्मै (anyasmai) - to another, to someone else

• इति (iti) - thus, so, saying

• माम् (mām) - me

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• अभिचोदयेत् (abhicodayet) - might incite, should incite

• छिन्द्याम् (chindyām) - I would cut off, I should cut off

• अहम् (aham) - I

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• इति (iti) - thus, so, saying

• उपांशुव्रतम् (upāṁśuvratam) - secret vow, silent observance

• मम (mama) - my, of me

Words meanings and morphology

दद (dada) - give (imperative 2nd singular)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dā

Present Tense, Imperative Mood

2nd Person Singular, Parasmaipada, from root `dā`

Root: dā (class 3)

गाण्डीवम् (gāṇḍīvam) - the Gāṇḍīva (bow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gāṇḍīva

gāṇḍīva - the name of Arjuna's bow; made of horn or wood

अन्यस्मै (anyasmai) - to another, to someone else

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Original Devanagari text has 'anyasmā' (ablative/genitive singular), but contextual meaning requires dative 'anyasmai'.

इति (iti) - thus, so, saying

(indeclinable)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

अभिचोदयेत् (abhicodayet) - might incite, should incite

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of abhicud

Optative Mood

3rd Person Singular, Parasmaipada, from root `cud` with upasarga `abhi`

Prefix: abhi

Root: cud (class 10)

छिन्द्याम् (chindyām) - I would cut off, I should cut off

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of chid

Optative Mood

1st Person Singular, Parasmaipada, from root `chid`

Root: chid (class 7)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, skull, top

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, her, it (demonstrative pronoun)

इति (iti) - thus, so, saying

(indeclinable)

उपांशुव्रतम् (upāṁśuvratam) - secret vow, silent observance

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upāṃśuvrata

upāṁśuvrata - a silent vow, a secret observance, a vow muttered in secret

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (upāṃśu+vrata)

• upāṃśu – silently, secretly, in a low voice
  indeclinable
• vrata – vow, religious observance, sacred duty
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛ

Note: Predicate nominative.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)