महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-49, verse-88

एता वाचः परुषाः सव्यसाची स्थिरप्रज्ञं श्रावयित्वा ततक्ष ।
तदानुतेपे सुरराजपुत्रो विनिःश्वसंश्चाप्यसिमुद्बबर्ह ॥८८॥

88. etā vācaḥ paruṣāḥ savyasācī; sthiraprajñaṁ śrāvayitvā tatakṣa ,
tadānutepe surarājaputro; viniḥśvasaṁścāpyasimudbabarha.

88. etāḥ vācaḥ paruṣāḥ savyasācī
sthira-prajñam śrāvayitvā tatakṣa
tadā anutepe surarāja-putraḥ
viniḥśvasan ca api asim udbabarha

88. etāḥ paruṣāḥ vācaḥ sthira-prajñam śrāvayitvā savyasācī tatakṣa tadā surarāja-putraḥ anutepe,
ca viniḥśvasan api asim udbabarha

88. Savyasacin (Arjuna), after reciting these harsh words to the steadfast-minded (sthiraprajñam) one, then finished his speech. Thereupon, the son of the lord of the gods (surarājaputraḥ), Arjuna, felt regret, and sighing deeply, he also drew his sword.

Words meanings summery:

• एताः (etāḥ) - these (feminine plural nominative)

• वाचः (vācaḥ) - words, speeches

• परुषाः (paruṣāḥ) - harsh, rough, cruel

• सव्यसाची (savyasācī) - Arjuna (Savyasacin (epithet of Arjuna))

• स्थिर-प्रज्ञम् (sthira-prajñam) - Duryodhana (the steadfast-minded one, one of firm intellect)

• श्रावयित्वा (śrāvayitvā) - having made hear, having recited

• ततक्ष (tatakṣa) - he finished his speech (implying sharp, impactful words) (he fashioned, he cut, he sharpened, he uttered sharply)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• अनुतेपे (anutepe) - he repented, he regretted, he suffered

• सुरराज-पुत्रः (surarāja-putraḥ) - Arjuna (son of the king of gods (Indra))

• विनिःश्वसन् (viniḥśvasan) - sighing deeply, breathing out

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• असिम् (asim) - sword

• उद्बबर्ह (udbabarha) - he drew out, he pulled out

Words meanings and morphology

एताः (etāḥ) - these (feminine plural nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of etad

etad - this, these (demonstrative pronoun)

वाचः (vācaḥ) - words, speeches

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - word, speech, voice

परुषाः (paruṣāḥ) - harsh, rough, cruel

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, severe, cruel

सव्यसाची (savyasācī) - Arjuna (Savyasacin (epithet of Arjuna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of savyasācin

savyasācin - ambidextrous (an epithet of Arjuna, meaning 'one who can shoot with the left hand')

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (savya+sācin)

• savya – left, left hand
  adjective
• sācin – shooting, aiming
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/Adjective from root sāc
  Root: sāc

स्थिर-प्रज्ञम् (sthira-prajñam) - Duryodhana (the steadfast-minded one, one of firm intellect)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sthira-prajña

sthira-prajña - steadfast in intellect, firm-minded

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sthira+prajñā)

• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective
• prajñā – wisdom, intellect, understanding
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)

श्रावयित्वा (śrāvayitvā) - having made hear, having recited

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund (Causative)

Derived from root śru (to hear) in its causative form śrāvayati.

Root: śru (class 5)

ततक्ष (tatakṣa) - he finished his speech (implying sharp, impactful words) (he fashioned, he cut, he sharpened, he uttered sharply)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of takṣ

Perfect Active Indicative

Root: takṣ (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

अनुतेपे (anutepe) - he repented, he regretted, he suffered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (lit) of anutap

Perfect Middle Indicative

Derived from root tap (to suffer, heat) with prefix anu

Prefix: anu

Root: tap (class 1)

सुरराज-पुत्रः (surarāja-putraḥ) - Arjuna (son of the king of gods (Indra))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of surarāja-putra

surarāja-putra - son of the king of gods (Indra)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sura+rāja+putra)

• sura – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler, lord
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

विनिःश्वसन् (viniḥśvasan) - sighing deeply, breathing out

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viniḥśvasat

viniḥśvasat - sighing deeply, exhaling

Present Active Participle

Derived from root śvas (to breathe) with prefixes vi and niḥ

Prefixes: vi+niḥ

Root: śvas (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

असिम् (asim) - sword

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of asi

asi - sword, scimitar

उद्बबर्ह (udbabarha) - he drew out, he pulled out

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of udbṛh

Perfect Active Indicative

Derived from root bṛh (to pull, tear) with prefix ud

Prefix: ud

Root: bṛh (class 6)