महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-49, verse-42

सत्यं मया सदा वाच्यमिति तस्याभवद्व्रतम् ।
सत्यवादीति विख्यातः स तदासीद्धनंजय ॥४२॥

42. satyaṁ mayā sadā vācyamiti tasyābhavadvratam ,
satyavādīti vikhyātaḥ sa tadāsīddhanaṁjaya.

42. satyam mayā sadā vācyam iti tasya abhavat vratam
satyavādī iti vikhyātaḥ saḥ tadā āsīt dhanañjaya

42. mayā sadā satyam vācyam iti tasya vratam abhavat
dhanañjaya saḥ tadā satyavādī iti vikhyātaḥ āsīt

42. “The truth (satya) should always be spoken by me”—thus was his vow (vrata). At that time, he was renowned as 'Truth-speaker', O Dhananjaya.

Words meanings summery:

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality; truly

• मया (mayā) - by me

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• वाच्यम् (vācyam) - to be spoken, should be said

• इति (iti) - thus, so saying, indicating end of quote

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

• व्रतम् (vratam) - vow, sacred observance

• सत्यवादी (satyavādī) - truth-speaker, truthful person

• इति (iti) - thus, so saying, indicating end of quote

• विख्यातः (vikhyātaḥ) - renowned, famous, well-known

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• धनञ्जय (dhanañjaya) - conqueror of wealth (epithet of Arjuna)

Words meanings and morphology

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality; truly

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality; true, real

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, me

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

वाच्यम् (vācyam) - to be spoken, should be said

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vācya

vācya - to be spoken, to be said; fit to be spoken

Gerundive

from root 'vac' (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, so saying, indicating end of quote

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Active

root 'bhū', 3rd person singular imperfect active

Root: bhū (class 1)

व्रतम् (vratam) - vow, sacred observance

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vrata

vrata - vow, sacred observance, religious practice

सत्यवादी (satyavādī) - truth-speaker, truthful person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavādin

satyavādin - truth-speaker, truthful; one who speaks the truth

compound of 'satya' (truth) and 'vādin' (speaker)

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (satya+vādin)

• satya – truth
  noun (neuter)
• vādin – speaker, one who speaks
  noun (masculine)
  from root 'vad' (to speak)
  Root: vad (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, so saying, indicating end of quote

(indeclinable)

विख्यातः (vikhyātaḥ) - renowned, famous, well-known

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikhyāta

vikhyāta - renowned, famous, well-known

Past Passive Participle

from root 'khyā' (to be known) with prefix 'vi'

Prefix: vi

Root: khyā (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect Active

root 'as' (to be), 3rd person singular imperfect active

Root: as (class 2)

धनञ्जय (dhanañjaya) - conqueror of wealth (epithet of Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dhanañjaya

dhanañjaya - conqueror of wealth; a name of Arjuna

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (dhana+ñjaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
• ñjaya – conquering, victorious
  adjective (masculine)
  from root 'ji' (to conquer) with prefix 'ñ'
  Prefix: ñ
  Root: ji (class 1)