महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-49, verse-18

न हि कार्यमकार्यं वा सुखं ज्ञातुं कथंचन ।
श्रुतेन ज्ञायते सर्वं तच्च त्वं नावबुध्यसे ॥१८॥

18. na hi kāryamakāryaṁ vā sukhaṁ jñātuṁ kathaṁcana ,
śrutena jñāyate sarvaṁ tacca tvaṁ nāvabudhyase.

18. na hi kāryam akāryam vā sukham jñātum kathaṃcana
śrutena jñāyate sarvam tat ca tvam na avabudhyase

18. hi,
kāryam,
akāryam,
vā,
kathaṃcana,
jñātum,
sukham,
na.
sarvam,
śrutena,
jñāyate,
ca,
tvam,
tat,
na,
avabudhyase

18. Indeed, it is by no means easy to discern what is proper action and what is improper action. Everything is known through scripture (śruti) or tradition, and you, however, do not comprehend that.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - what is to be done, proper action

• अकार्यम् (akāryam) - what is not to be done, improper action

• वा (vā) - or

• सुखम् (sukham) - easily, comfortably

• ज्ञातुम् (jñātum) - to know, to understand

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - by any means, in any way, at all

• श्रुतेन (śrutena) - by what has been heard, by sacred tradition, by scripture (śruti)

• ज्ञायते (jñāyate) - is known, is understood

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

• तत् (tat) - that

• च (ca) - and, also

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• न (na) - not

• अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand, you comprehend

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

कार्यम् (kāryam) - what is to be done, proper action

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, proper action, duty

Gerundive

From root kṛ + ṇyat (gerundive affix)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अकार्यम् (akāryam) - what is not to be done, improper action

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of akārya

akārya - not to be done, improper action, forbidden act

Gerundive

From root kṛ + ṇyat (gerundive affix) with negative prefix 'a'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+kārya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• kārya – what is to be done, proper action, duty
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root kṛ + ṇyat (gerundive affix)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

सुखम् (sukham) - easily, comfortably

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially here.

ज्ञातुम् (jñātum) - to know, to understand

(verb)

infinitive of jñā

Infinitive

From root jñā + tumun (infinitive affix)

Root: jñā (class 9)

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - by any means, in any way, at all

(indeclinable)

श्रुतेन (śrutena) - by what has been heard, by sacred tradition, by scripture (śruti)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, revealed (scripture), sacred tradition

Past Passive Participle

From root śru + kta (PPP affix)

Root: śru (class 5)

ज्ञायते (jñāyate) - is known, is understood

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of jñā

Root: jñā (class 9)

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, everything

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you understand, you comprehend

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ava-budh

Prefix: ava

Root: budh (class 4)