महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-49, verse-72

संजय उवाच ।
इत्येवमुक्तस्तु जनार्दनेन पार्थः प्रशस्याथ सुहृद्वधं तम् ।
ततोऽब्रवीदर्जुनो धर्मराजमनुक्तपूर्वं परुषं प्रसह्य ॥७२॥

72. saṁjaya uvāca ,
ityevamuktastu janārdanena; pārthaḥ praśasyātha suhṛdvadhaṁ tam ,
tato'bravīdarjuno dharmarāja;manuktapūrvaṁ paruṣaṁ prasahya.

72. sañjaya uvāca iti eva uktaḥ tu
janārdenena pārthaḥ praśasya atha suhṛdvadham
tam tataḥ abravīt arjunaḥ
dharmarājam anuktapūrvam paruṣam prasahya

72. sañjaya uvāca iti eva janārdenena
uktaḥ tu pārthaḥ tam suhṛdvadham praśasya
atha tataḥ arjunaḥ prasahya
anuktapūrvam paruṣam dharmarājam abravīt

72. Sañjaya said: Indeed, having thus been addressed by Janārdana (Kṛṣṇa), Pārtha (Arjuna), accepting that slaying of a kinsman (Karṇa), then Arjuna forcefully spoke harsh words, never before uttered, to Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira).

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya (Sañjaya (name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

• इति (iti) - thus (referring to the preceding speech by Krishna) (thus, in this manner (marks direct speech))

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (emphatic) (only, just, indeed, certainly)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - having been addressed (spoken, said, addressed)

• तु (tu) - indeed, then (introduces a new statement) (but, indeed, however)

• जनार्देनेन (janārdenena) - by Janārdana (Kṛṣṇa)

• पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Pārtha (Arjuna) (Pārtha, son of Pṛthā)

• प्रशस्य (praśasya) - having accepted/acknowledged (the necessity of) (having praised, having approved, having acknowledged)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

• सुहृद्वधम् (suhṛdvadham) - that slaying of a kinsman/foe (Karṇa) (killing of a friend, slaying of a kinsman)

• तम् (tam) - that (referring to suhṛdvadham) (that, him (masculine))

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefore, from that)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (he spoke, he said)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (name))

• धर्मराजम् (dharmarājam) - to Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira) (to Dharmarāja, to the king of dharma)

• अनुक्तपूर्वम् (anuktapūrvam) - never before uttered, unprecedented (not said before, unprecedented)

• परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh words (harsh, rough, cruel, severe (word))

• प्रसह्य (prasahya) - forcefully, impetuously (having overcome, having forcibly done, impetuously)

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya (Sañjaya (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (the charioteer of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, who narrates the events of the Mahābhārata war)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

From root vac (to speak). Irregular perfect stem.

Root: vac (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus (referring to the preceding speech by Krishna) (thus, in this manner (marks direct speech))

(indeclinable)

Punctuation-like particle.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly (emphatic) (only, just, indeed, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - having been addressed (spoken, said, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told, addressed

Past Passive Participle

From root vac (to speak). Irregular stem.

Root: vac (class 2)

तु (tu) - indeed, then (introduces a new statement) (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

जनार्देनेन (janārdenena) - by Janārdana (Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of janārdana

janārdana - Janārdana (epithet of Viṣṇu or Kṛṣṇa, meaning "agitator of men" or "one who is sought by men")

Note: Refers to Krishna.

पार्थः (pārthaḥ) - Pārtha (Arjuna) (Pārtha, son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), descendant of Pṛthā (epithet for Arjuna, Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma)

Patronymic.

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

प्रशस्य (praśasya) - having accepted/acknowledged (the necessity of) (having praised, having approved, having acknowledged)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

From root śaṃs (to praise, declare) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating sequence.

सुहृद्वधम् (suhṛdvadham) - that slaying of a kinsman/foe (Karṇa) (killing of a friend, slaying of a kinsman)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suhṛdvadha

suhṛdvadha - killing of a friend, slaying of a kinsman

Compound of suhṛd (friend) and vadha (killing).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (suhṛd+vadha)

• suhṛd – friend, well-wisher, kinsman
  noun (masculine)
  Good-hearted.
• vadha – slaying, killing, striking
  noun (masculine)
  From root vadh (to strike, kill).
  Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: The "friend" here is Karṇa, who was revealed to be a brother.

तम् (tam) - that (referring to suhṛdvadham) (that, him (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Accusative singular, modifies suhṛdvadham.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

From root brū (to speak). Irregular imperfect form.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Subject arjunaḥ.

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of the third Pāṇḍava brother); white, bright, silver

धर्मराजम् (dharmarājam) - to Dharmarāja (Yudhiṣṭhira) (to Dharmarāja, to the king of dharma)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmarājan

dharmarājan - king of dharma, king of justice, Yudhiṣṭhira (the eldest Pāṇḍava)

Compound of dharma and rājan.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law (dharma), constitution, intrinsic nature, virtue, justice
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to sustain, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From root rāj (to rule).
  Root: rāj (class 1)

अनुक्तपूर्वम् (anuktapūrvam) - never before uttered, unprecedented (not said before, unprecedented)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anuktapūrva

anuktapūrva - not said before, unprecedented, never spoken earlier

Compound of anukta (unsaid) and pūrva (before).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (anukta+pūrva)

• anukta – unsaid, unspoken
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle (negated)
  Negation (an-) of ukta (spoken).
  Root: vac (class 2)
• pūrva – former, prior, preceding, east
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Refers to the words being spoken.

परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh words (harsh, rough, cruel, severe (word))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, severe, cruel, rude, hard

Note: Object of abravīt.

प्रसह्य (prasahya) - forcefully, impetuously (having overcome, having forcibly done, impetuously)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

From root sah (to bear, endure) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: sah (class 1)