महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-49, verse-65

तस्मिन्हते कुरवो निर्जिताः स्युरेवंबुद्धिः पार्थिवो धर्मपुत्रः ।
यदावमानं लभते महान्तं तदा जीवन्मृत इत्युच्यते सः ॥६५॥

65. tasminhate kuravo nirjitāḥ syu;revaṁbuddhiḥ pārthivo dharmaputraḥ ,
yadāvamānaṁ labhate mahāntaṁ; tadā jīvanmṛta ityucyate saḥ.

65. tasmin hate kuravaḥ nirjitāḥ syuḥ
evam buddhiḥ pārthivaḥ dharmaputraḥ
yadā avamānam labhate mahāntam
tadā jīvanmṛtaḥ iti ucyate saḥ

65. pārthivaḥ dharmaputraḥ evam buddhiḥ
(asti): tasmin hate kuravaḥ nirjitāḥ
syuḥ yadā saḥ mahāntam avamānam
labhate tadā jīvanmṛtaḥ iti ucyate

65. The king, son of the intrinsic nature (dharma-putra), holds the belief that if that person is killed, the Kauravas would be conquered. Yet, when such a great individual (referring to Yudhiṣṭhira) suffers immense disrespect, he is then declared to be dead while still alive.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - regarding him, concerning that specific person (e.g., Droṇa) (in that, to that, on that)

• हते (hate) - upon his being killed (killed, destroyed, slain)

• कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kauravas, descendants of Kuru

• निर्जिताः (nirjitāḥ) - conquered, vanquished

• स्युः (syuḥ) - they would be, they should be

• एवम् (evam) - such a, having this kind of (thus, in this manner, such)

• बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - belief, view, mental disposition (intellect, thought, understanding, wisdom)

• पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) (earthly, a king, a ruler)

• धर्मपुत्रः (dharmaputraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Dharma)

• यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

• अवमानम् (avamānam) - disrespect, insult, contempt

• लभते (labhate) - he obtains, he receives

• महान्तम् (mahāntam) - extreme, profound (great, large, immense)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• जीवन्मृतः (jīvanmṛtaḥ) - like one who is dead while still alive (living dead)

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner (marks direct or indirect speech)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - he is said, it is called

• सः (saḥ) - that king (Yudhiṣṭhira) (he, that (masculine))

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - regarding him, concerning that specific person (e.g., Droṇa) (in that, to that, on that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to a specific individual implied by the context of the war.

हते (hate) - upon his being killed (killed, destroyed, slain)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction.

कुरवः (kuravaḥ) - the Kauravas, descendants of Kuru

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - a descendant of Kuru, the Kauravas

निर्जिताः (nirjitāḥ) - conquered, vanquished

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nirjita

nirjita - conquered, vanquished, overcome

Past Passive Participle

From root ji (to conquer) with upasarga nir-

Prefix: nis

Root: ji (class 1)

स्युः (syuḥ) - they would be, they should be

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as

Optative Mood, 3rd Person Plural

Root: as (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - such a, having this kind of (thus, in this manner, such)

(indeclinable)

Note: Part of a compound `evambuddhiḥ` but here `roman_words_no_sandhi` means `evam buddhiḥ`.

बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - belief, view, mental disposition (intellect, thought, understanding, wisdom)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, mind, understanding, view

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Forms a compound `evambuddhiḥ` with `evam`, meaning 'having such a thought'. The compound acts as an adjective for the king.

पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) (earthly, a king, a ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - relating to earth; a king, ruler

Derived from pṛthivī (earth)

धर्मपुत्रः (dharmaputraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Dharma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmaputra

dharmaputra - son of Dharma (dharma)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+putra)

• dharma – intrinsic nature, natural law, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira.

यदा (yadā) - when, at which time

(indeclinable)

अवमानम् (avamānam) - disrespect, insult, contempt

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of avamāna

avamāna - disrespect, insult, contempt, humiliation

From root man (to think) with upasarga ava-

Prefix: ava

Root: man (class 4)

लभते (labhate) - he obtains, he receives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of labh

Present Tense, 3rd Person Singular

Root: labh (class 1)

महान्तम् (mahāntam) - extreme, profound (great, large, immense)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, mighty

Note: Agrees with `avamānam`.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Corresponds to `yadā`.

जीवन्मृतः (jīvanmṛtaḥ) - like one who is dead while still alive (living dead)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīvanmṛta

jīvanmṛta - living dead, one who is dead while still alive

Compound type : karmadhāraya (jīvat+mṛta)

• jīvat – living, alive
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root jīv (to live)
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• mṛta – dead
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root mṛ (to die)
  Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Qualifies `saḥ`.

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner (marks direct or indirect speech)

(indeclinable)

उच्यते (ucyate) - he is said, it is called

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Present Tense, 3rd Person Singular, Passive Voice

From root vac, passive form

Root: vac (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - that king (Yudhiṣṭhira) (he, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers back to `pārthivaḥ dharmaputraḥ`.