महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-49, verse-101

एतच्छ्रुत्वा पाण्डवो धर्मराजो भ्रातुर्वाक्यं परुषं फल्गुनस्य ।
उत्थाय तस्माच्छयनादुवाच पार्थं ततो दुःखपरीतचेताः ॥१०१॥

101. etacchrutvā pāṇḍavo dharmarājo; bhrāturvākyaṁ paruṣaṁ phalgunasya ,
utthāya tasmācchayanāduvāca; pārthaṁ tato duḥkhaparītacetāḥ.

101. etat śrutvā pāṇḍavaḥ dharmarājaḥ
bhrātuḥ vākyam paruṣam phālgunasya
utthāya tasmāt śayanāt uvāca
pārtham tataḥ duḥkhaparītacetāḥ

101. phālgunasya bhrātuḥ paruṣam vākyam etat śrutvā,
tataḥ duḥkhaparītacetāḥ pāṇḍavaḥ dharmarājaḥ tasmāt śayanāt utthāya pārtham uvāca

101. Having heard this harsh speech from his brother Arjuna (phālguna), Yudhiṣṭhira, the Pāṇḍava king (dharmarāja), whose mind was then overwhelmed with sorrow, rose from that bed and spoke to Arjuna (pārtha).

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this, this one

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the son of Pāṇḍu (son of Pāṇḍu, a descendant of Pāṇḍu)

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the King of righteousness (dharma) (king of righteousness, lord of justice)

• भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - of the brother

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, utterance

• परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh, rough, cruel, severe

• फाल्गुनस्य (phālgunasya) - of Arjuna (of Phālguna, of Arjuna)

• उत्थाय (utthāya) - having risen, having stood up

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that, from it

• शयनात् (śayanāt) - from the bed, from the couch

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - to Arjuna (to Pārtha, to Arjuna)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, thence

• दुःखपरीतचेताः (duḥkhaparītacetāḥ) - whose mind was overcome with sorrow, overwhelmed by grief

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from root śru with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the son of Pāṇḍu (son of Pāṇḍu, a descendant of Pāṇḍu)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira, the King of righteousness (dharma) (king of righteousness, lord of justice)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of righteousness (dharma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rāja)

• dharma – intrinsic nature, constitution, natural law, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - of the brother

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, utterance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, speech

परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh, rough, cruel, severe

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough

फाल्गुनस्य (phālgunasya) - of Arjuna (of Phālguna, of Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of phālguna

phālguna - Arjuna (born under the constellation Phālguni)

उत्थाय (utthāya) - having risen, having stood up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from root sthā with prefix ud and suffix -ya

Prefix: ud

Root: sthā (class 1)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that, from it

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

शयनात् (śayanāt) - from the bed, from the couch

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of śayana

śayana - bed, couch

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

पार्थम् (pārtham) - to Arjuna (to Pārtha, to Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, thence

(indeclinable)

दुःखपरीतचेताः (duḥkhaparītacetāḥ) - whose mind was overcome with sorrow, overwhelmed by grief

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhaparītacetas

duḥkhaparītacetas - whose mind is enveloped in sorrow

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (duḥkha+parīta+cetas)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• parīta – enveloped, surrounded, overcome
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root i with prefix pari
  Prefix: pari
  Root: i (class 2)
• cetas – mind, consciousness
  noun (neuter)

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