महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-49, verse-55

न च तेभ्यो धनं देयं शक्ये सति कथंचन ।
पापेभ्यो हि धनं दत्तं दातारमपि पीडयेत् ।
तस्माद्धर्मार्थमनृतमुक्त्वा नानृतवाग्भवेत् ॥५५॥

55. na ca tebhyo dhanaṁ deyaṁ śakye sati kathaṁcana ,
pāpebhyo hi dhanaṁ dattaṁ dātāramapi pīḍayet ,
tasmāddharmārthamanṛtamuktvā nānṛtavāgbhavet.

55. na ca tebhyaḥ dhanam deyam śakye sati
kathaṃcana pāpebhyaḥ hi dhanam dattam
dātāram api pīḍayet tasmāt
dharmārtham anṛtam uktvā na anṛtavāk bhavet

55. ca na tebhyaḥ dhanam deyam kathaṃcana
śakye sati hi pāpebhyaḥ dattam dhanam
dātāram api pīḍayet tasmāt
dharmārtham anṛtam uktvā anṛtavāk na bhavet

55. And under no circumstances should wealth be given to them (the thieves mentioned in the previous verse) if it is possible to avoid doing so. For wealth given to sinners would indeed harm even the giver. Therefore, having spoken a falsehood for the sake of (natural) law (dharma), one does not become a speaker of untruths.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - to the thieves mentioned in the previous verse (to them)

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, property

• देयम् (deyam) - to be given, ought to be given

• शक्ये (śakye) - when it is possible, if possible

• सति (sati) - being, existing

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - by any means, in any way, somehow or other

• पापेभ्यः (pāpebhyaḥ) - to sinners, to wicked persons

• हि (hi) - for, indeed, because

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, property

• दत्तम् (dattam) - given

• दातारम् (dātāram) - the giver, donor

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• पीडयेत् (pīḍayet) - would harm, should afflict

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• धर्मार्थम् (dharmārtham) - for the sake of dharma (natural law), for righteousness

• अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood, lie

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

• अनृतवाक् (anṛtavāk) - a liar, one who speaks falsehoods

• भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be, would become

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तेभ्यः (tebhyaḥ) - to the thieves mentioned in the previous verse (to them)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, property

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, property, riches, money

From root dhā (to place, hold).

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Here it's the subject of the passive gerundive deyam.

देयम् (deyam) - to be given, ought to be given

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of deya

deya - to be given, fit to be given, due

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root dā + ya (gerundive suffix).

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with dhanam.

शक्ये (śakye) - when it is possible, if possible

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, capable, practicable

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From root śak + ya (gerundive suffix).

Root: śak (class 5)

सति (sati) - being, existing

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, real, true

Present Active Participle

Present participle of as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - by any means, in any way, somehow or other

(indeclinable)

From katham (how) + cana (indefinite particle).

पापेभ्यः (pāpebhyaḥ) - to sinners, to wicked persons

(noun)

Dative, masculine, plural of pāpa

pāpa - wicked, sinful, bad; sin, evil, guilt

हि (hi) - for, indeed, because

(indeclinable)

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, property

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, property, riches, money

From root dhā (to place, hold).

Root: dhā (class 3)

दत्तम् (dattam) - given

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, presented, granted

Past Passive Participle

From root dā + kta (PPP suffix).

Root: dā (class 3)

दातारम् (dātāram) - the giver, donor

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dātṛ

dātṛ - giver, donor, bestower

agent noun

From root dā + tṛ (agent suffix).

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Object of pīḍayet.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

पीडयेत् (pīḍayet) - would harm, should afflict

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pīḍ

Optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Ablative singular of tad.

धर्मार्थम् (dharmārtham) - for the sake of dharma (natural law), for righteousness

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmārtha

dharmārtha - purpose of dharma, for the sake of dharma, for righteousness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+artha)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, sake
  noun (masculine)

अनृतम् (anṛtam) - falsehood, lie

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - untrue, false, a lie, falsehood

a (negation) + ṛta (truth).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+ṛta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• ṛta – truth, right, cosmic order
  noun (neuter)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Object of uktvā.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

(verb)

active, absolutive (ktvā) of vac

absolutive / gerund

Absolutive (gerund) of root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

अनृतवाक् (anṛtavāk) - a liar, one who speaks falsehoods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anṛtavāc

anṛtavāc - one who speaks falsehood, liar

anṛta (falsehood) + vāc (speech/speaker).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (anṛta+vāc)

• anṛta – falsehood
  noun (neuter)
• vāc – speech, voice, speaker
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: The k is due to final sandhi, actual form is anṛtavāc.

भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be, would become

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)