महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-49, verse-53

प्राणात्यये विवाहे वा सर्वज्ञातिधनक्षये ।
नर्मण्यभिप्रवृत्ते वा प्रवक्तव्यं मृषा भवेत् ।
अधर्मं नात्र पश्यन्ति धर्मतत्त्वार्थदर्शिनः ॥५३॥

53. prāṇātyaye vivāhe vā sarvajñātidhanakṣaye ,
narmaṇyabhipravṛtte vā pravaktavyaṁ mṛṣā bhavet ,
adharmaṁ nātra paśyanti dharmatattvārthadarśinaḥ.

53. prāṇātyaye vivāhe vā sarvajñātidhanakṣaye
narmaṇi abhipravṛtte vā
pravaktavyam mṛṣā bhavet adharmam na atra
paśyanti dharmatattvārthadarśinaḥ

53. prāṇātyaye vā vivāhe vā sarvajñātidhanakṣaye
vā narmaṇi abhipravṛtte mṛṣā
pravaktavyam bhavet atra
dharmatattvārthadarśinaḥ adharmam na paśyanti

53. A falsehood may be spoken when life is at stake, or at a marriage, or to prevent the complete loss of family wealth, or when jesting is taking place. Those who understand the true essence of (natural) law (dharma) do not see unrighteousness (adharma) in such situations.

Words meanings summery:

• प्राणात्यये (prāṇātyaye) - in the danger of life, when life is at an end

• विवाहे (vivāhe) - in a marriage, at a wedding

• वा (vā) - or

• सर्वज्ञातिधनक्षये (sarvajñātidhanakṣaye) - in the destruction of all family wealth

• नर्मणि (narmaṇi) - in a jest, in sport, for fun

• अभिप्रवृत्ते (abhipravṛtte) - having begun, being engaged in, having occurred

• वा (vā) - or

• प्रवक्तव्यम् (pravaktavyam) - what should be said, ought to be spoken

• मृषा (mṛṣā) - falsely, untrue, a lie

• भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be, would be

• अधर्मम् (adharmam) - an unrighteous act (unrighteousness, injustice, violation of natural law)

• न (na) - not, no

• अत्र (atra) - in such circumstances (here, in this matter, in this case)

• पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - they see, they perceive, they consider

• धर्मतत्त्वार्थदर्शिनः (dharmatattvārthadarśinaḥ) - those who see the true meaning of dharma (natural law)

Words meanings and morphology

प्राणात्यये (prāṇātyaye) - in the danger of life, when life is at an end

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of prāṇātyaya

prāṇātyaya - end of life, danger to life, death

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prāṇa+atyaya)

• prāṇa – life, breath
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: an (class 2)
• atyaya – end, passing away, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ati
  Root: iṇ (class 2)

विवाहे (vivāhe) - in a marriage, at a wedding

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vivāha

vivāha - marriage, wedding

From vi + vah + ghañ (masc. noun formation)

Prefix: vi

Root: vah (class 1)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

सर्वज्ञातिधनक्षये (sarvajñātidhanakṣaye) - in the destruction of all family wealth

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sarvajñātidhanakṣaya

sarvajñātidhanakṣaya - destruction of all family wealth

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+jñāti+dhana+kṣaya)

• sarva – all, every
  adjective (masculine)
• jñāti – relative, kinsman
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• dhana – wealth, property, riches
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• kṣaya – destruction, loss, decrease
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṣi (class 1)

नर्मणि (narmaṇi) - in a jest, in sport, for fun

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of narman

narman - jest, sport, play, fun

अभिप्रवृत्ते (abhipravṛtte) - having begun, being engaged in, having occurred

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of abhipravṛtta

abhipravṛtta - engaged in, begun, occurred, taken place

Past Passive Participle

From abhi + pra + vṛt + kta (PPP suffix)

Prefixes: abhi+pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with narmaṇi.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

प्रवक्तव्यम् (pravaktavyam) - what should be said, ought to be spoken

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pravaktavya

pravaktavya - to be spoken, to be declared, ought to be said

Gerundive / Future Passive Participle

From pra + vac + tavya (gerundive suffix)

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Functions as a predicate of an implied subject (like 'it').

मृषा (mṛṣā) - falsely, untrue, a lie

(indeclinable)

भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be, would be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

अधर्मम् (adharmam) - an unrighteous act (unrighteousness, injustice, violation of natural law)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, wrong conduct, that which is contrary to natural law (dharma)

a (negation) + dharma

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - in such circumstances (here, in this matter, in this case)

(indeclinable)

Formed from idam (this) + tral suffix.

पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - they see, they perceive, they consider

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of dṛś

Present tense, 3rd person plural, active voice. Root dṛś becomes paśya in the present stem.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

धर्मतत्त्वार्थदर्शिनः (dharmatattvārthadarśinaḥ) - those who see the true meaning of dharma (natural law)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmatattvārthadarśin

dharmatattvārthadarśin - one who understands the true essence of (natural) law (dharma)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+tattva+artha+darśin)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• tattva – essence, reality, truth
  noun (neuter)
• artha – meaning, purpose, object
  noun (masculine)
• darśin – one who sees, perceiver, knower
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun from dṛś
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agent noun declined in nominative plural.