महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-49, verse-48

दुष्करं परमज्ञानं तर्केणात्र व्यवस्यति ।
श्रुतिर्धर्म इति ह्येके वदन्ति बहवो जनाः ॥४८॥

48. duṣkaraṁ paramajñānaṁ tarkeṇātra vyavasyati ,
śrutirdharma iti hyeke vadanti bahavo janāḥ.

48. duṣkaram paramajñānam tarkeṇa atra vyavasyati |
śrutiḥ dharmaḥ iti hi eke vadanti bahavaḥ janāḥ

48. atra tarkeṇa paramajñānam vyavasyati duṣkaram
hi eke bahavaḥ janāḥ śrutiḥ dharmaḥ iti vadanti

48. Here, it is difficult to ascertain the highest knowledge through mere logic. Indeed, some, even many people, declare that sacred tradition (śruti) itself constitutes natural law (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult, hard to do

• परमज्ञानम् (paramajñānam) - highest knowledge

• तर्केण (tarkeṇa) - by logic, by reasoning

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

• व्यवस्यति (vyavasyati) - one determines, ascertains

• श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - sacred tradition (śruti), revelation

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma), righteousness

• इति (iti) - thus, so (particle)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• एके (eke) - some people (some (masc. pl. nom.))

• वदन्ति (vadanti) - they say, speak

• बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people, persons

Words meanings and morphology

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult, hard to do

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult, arduous, hard to do

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dus+kara)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
• kara – doing, making, causing
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root √kṛ (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicative adjective, "it is difficult".

परमज्ञानम् (paramajñānam) - highest knowledge

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paramajñāna

paramajñāna - supreme knowledge, highest wisdom

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+jñāna)

• parama – highest, supreme, ultimate
  adjective (neuter)
• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom, understanding
  noun (neuter)
  From root √jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Object of `vyavasyati`.

तर्केण (tarkeṇa) - by logic, by reasoning

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tarka

tarka - logic, reasoning, argumentation, speculation

Root: tark (class 10)

Note: Means by means of logic.

अत्र (atra) - here, in this matter

(indeclinable)

Note: Locative adverb.

व्यवस्यति (vyavasyati) - one determines, ascertains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of vyavasā

From upasargas vi-, ava- and root √so (to sharpen, conclude, determine).

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: so (class 4)

Note: Implied subject is 'one'.

श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - sacred tradition (śruti), revelation

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śruti

śruti - hearing, tradition, sacred text, revelation (śruti)

From root √śru (to hear).

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Subject.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma), righteousness

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicative nominative.

इति (iti) - thus, so (particle)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of a quote or idea.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the statement.

एके (eke) - some people (some (masc. pl. nom.))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of eka

eka - one, some, a certain

Note: Subject, referring to 'some people'.

वदन्ति (vadanti) - they say, speak

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (Laṭ) of vad

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Subject is `janāḥ`.

बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - many, much

Note: Modifies `janāḥ`.

जनाः (janāḥ) - people, persons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, man, creature

Note: Subject of `vadanti`.