महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-49, verse-24

स गुरुं पार्थ कस्मात्त्वं हन्या धर्ममनुस्मरन् ।
असंप्रधार्य धर्माणां गतिं सूक्ष्मां दुरन्वयाम् ॥२४॥

24. sa guruṁ pārtha kasmāttvaṁ hanyā dharmamanusmaran ,
asaṁpradhārya dharmāṇāṁ gatiṁ sūkṣmāṁ duranvayām.

24. sa gurum pārtha kasmāt tvam hanyāḥ dharmam anusmaran
asampradhārya dharmāṇām gatim sūkṣmām duranvayām

24. pārtha sa tvam dharmam anusmaran kasmāt gurum hanyāḥ
dharmāṇām sūkṣmām duranvayām gatim asampradhārya

24. O Pārtha, remembering your constitutional duty (dharma), why would you kill your teacher, especially without having fully considered the subtle and difficult-to-discern consequences of the natural law (dharma)?

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - that (person, i.e., you)

• गुरुम् (gurum) - teacher, venerable person

• पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pṛthā, Arjuna

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• हन्याः (hanyāḥ) - you should kill, you may kill

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - your constitutional duty (dharma) ((dharma), righteousness, natural law, duty)

• अनुस्मरन् (anusmaran) - remembering, recollecting

• असम्प्रधार्य (asampradhārya) - without having considered, not considering, without discerning

• धर्माणाम् (dharmāṇām) - of the natural law (dharma) (of (dharma), of duties, of natural laws)

• गतिम् (gatim) - consequences (course, path, consequence, movement)

• सूक्ष्माम् (sūkṣmām) - subtle, minute, delicate, profound

• दुरन्वयाम् (duranvayām) - difficult to understand, hard to discern, unintelligible

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - that (person, i.e., you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Arjuna in a slightly detached or emphatic way.

गुरुम् (gurum) - teacher, venerable person

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, respected person

Note: Object of "hanyāḥ".

पार्थ (pārtha) - O son of Pṛthā, Arjuna

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), a name for Arjuna

Derived from Pṛthā

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

Note: Used adverbially as "why".

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of "hanyāḥ".

हन्याः (hanyāḥ) - you should kill, you may kill

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of han

Root: han (class 2)

Note: The final ḥ (visarga) of hanyāḥ gets dropped in sandhi before dharma.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - your constitutional duty (dharma) ((dharma), righteousness, natural law, duty)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of "anusmaran".

अनुस्मरन् (anusmaran) - remembering, recollecting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anusmarant

anusmarant - remembering, recollecting, pondering

Present Active Participle

upasarga anu + root smṛ (to remember) + śatṛ suffix

Prefix: anu

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies "tvam".

असम्प्रधार्य (asampradhārya) - without having considered, not considering, without discerning

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Negation 'a' + upasargas sam, pra + root dhṛ (to hold, bear) + lyap suffix (variant of ktvā)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sampradhārya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• sam – together, completely
  indeclinable
  upasarga
• pra – forth, forward, very
  indeclinable
  upasarga
• dhārya – to be considered, held
  indeclinable
  Absolutive (Gerund)
  root dhṛ (to hold, bear) + lyap suffix
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Used as an absolutive to indicate an action not performed before the main action.

धर्माणाम् (dharmāṇām) - of the natural law (dharma) (of (dharma), of duties, of natural laws)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dharma

dharma - natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies "gatim".

गतिम् (gatim) - consequences (course, path, consequence, movement)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, motion, path, course, fate, consequence

from root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of "asampradhārya".

सूक्ष्माम् (sūkṣmām) - subtle, minute, delicate, profound

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sūkṣma

sūkṣma - subtle, minute, delicate, fine, profound

Note: Qualifies "gatim".

दुरन्वयाम् (duranvayām) - difficult to understand, hard to discern, unintelligible

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of duranvaya

duranvaya - difficult to be understood, hard to trace, obscure

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+anvaya)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  prefix
• anvaya – connection, logical sequence, understanding
  noun (masculine)
  upasarga anu + root i (to go)
  Prefix: anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies "gatim".