महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-49, verse-40

तद्धत्वा सर्वभूतानामभावकृतनिश्चयम् ।
ततो बलाकः स्वरगादेवं धर्मः सुदुर्विदः ॥४०॥

40. taddhatvā sarvabhūtānāmabhāvakṛtaniścayam ,
tato balākaḥ svaragādevaṁ dharmaḥ sudurvidaḥ.

40. tat hatvā sarvabhūtānām abhāvakṛtaniścayam
tataḥ balākaḥ svargāt evam dharmaḥ sudurvidaḥ

40. tat sarvabhūtānām abhāvakṛtaniścayam hatvā,
tataḥ balākaḥ svargāt [āgamat] evam dharmaḥ sudurvidaḥ [asti]

40. Having killed that creature, which was resolute in annihilating all beings, Balāka then returned from heaven. Thus, the intrinsic nature (dharma) of events is indeed very difficult to comprehend.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that creature mentioned previously (that, this)

• हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, having struck

• सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all beings, of all creatures

• अभावकृतनिश्चयम् (abhāvakṛtaniścayam) - determined to destroy all beings (one whose resolve is made for destruction, determined on annihilation)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• बलाकः (balākaḥ) - the hunter Balāka (Balāka (proper noun))

• स्वर्गात् (svargāt) - from heaven, from the celestial abode

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the intrinsic nature of events or reality (intrinsic nature (dharma), righteousness, natural law, duty)

• सुदुर्विदः (sudurvidaḥ) - very difficult to know, hard to understand

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that creature mentioned previously (that, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

हत्वा (hatvā) - having killed, having struck

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From root 'han' (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

सर्वभूतानाम् (sarvabhūtānām) - of all beings, of all creatures

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of sarvabhūta

sarvabhūta - all beings, all creatures

Compound: 'sarva' (all) + 'bhūta' (being/creature).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+bhūta)

• sarva – all, every, whole, complete
  adjective (masculine)
• bhūta – being, creature, element
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'bhū' (to be).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Dependent on 'abhāvakṛtaniścayam'.

अभावकृतनिश्चयम् (abhāvakṛtaniścayam) - determined to destroy all beings (one whose resolve is made for destruction, determined on annihilation)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of abhāvakṛtaniścaya

abhāvakṛtaniścaya - one whose resolve is made for destruction, determined on annihilation

Compound: 'abhāva' (destruction) + 'kṛta' (made) + 'niścaya' (resolve).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (abhāva+kṛta+niścaya)

• abhāva – non-existence, absence, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  From 'a-' (negation) + 'bhāva' (existence).
  Prefix: a
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• kṛta – done, made, accomplished
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'kṛ' (to do, make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• niścaya – certainty, firm resolve, decision
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'ci' (to gather) with prefix 'nis-'.
  Prefix: nis
  Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Refers to the 'being' ('tat') that was killed.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from 'tad' (that).

बलाकः (balākaḥ) - the hunter Balāka (Balāka (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balāka

balāka - Balāka (name of a hunter or a crane)

Note: Refers to the hunter from the previous verse.

स्वर्गात् (svargāt) - from heaven, from the celestial abode

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, celestial abode, paradise

Compound 'svar' (heaven) + 'ga' (going).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svar+ga)

• svar – heaven, sky, light
  noun (neuter)
  Indeclinable (often). Here as a compound part.
• ga – going, moving, that which goes
  adjective
  Agent suffix
  From root 'gam' (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Source from where Balāka returned.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the intrinsic nature of events or reality (intrinsic nature (dharma), righteousness, natural law, duty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, constitution (dharma)

From root 'dhṛ' (to hold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the last clause.

सुदुर्विदः (sudurvidaḥ) - very difficult to know, hard to understand

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sudurvida

sudurvida - very difficult to know, hard to understand, incomprehensible

Gerundive (passive participle) used as adjective

Compound: 'su-' (very) + 'dur-' (difficult) + 'vida' (to be known). From root 'vid' (to know).

Compound type : pra-tatpuruṣa (su+dur+vida)

• su – good, well, very, easily
  indeclinable
  Adverbial prefix, intensifying.
• dur – difficult, bad, hard
  indeclinable
  Prefix denoting difficulty or badness.
• vida – knowing, understanding, to be known
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/verbal adjective
  From root 'vid' (to know, perceive).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'dharmaḥ'.