महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-49, verse-8

एवमुक्तस्तु कृष्णेन प्रेक्षमाणो युधिष्ठिरम् ।
अर्जुनः प्राह गोविन्दं क्रुद्धः सर्प इव श्वसन् ॥८॥

8. evamuktastu kṛṣṇena prekṣamāṇo yudhiṣṭhiram ,
arjunaḥ prāha govindaṁ kruddhaḥ sarpa iva śvasan.

8. evam uktaḥ tu kṛṣṇena prekṣamāṇaḥ yudhiṣṭhiram
arjunaḥ prāha govindam kruddhaḥ sarpaḥ iva śvasan

8. kṛṣṇena evam uktaḥ tu,
yudhiṣṭhiram prekṣamāṇaḥ,
kruddhaḥ arjunaḥ sarpaḥ iva śvasan govindam prāha.

8. Thus addressed by Krishna, Arjuna, looking towards Yudhiṣṭhira, angrily spoke to Govinda, hissing like an enraged serpent.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, addressed, told

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• कृष्णेन (kṛṣṇena) - by Krishna

• प्रेक्षमाणः (prekṣamāṇaḥ) - looking at, observing

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhiṣṭhira (accusative)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

• प्राह (prāha) - he said, he spoke

• गोविन्दम् (govindam) - to Govinda (accusative)

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angry, enraged

• सर्पः (sarpaḥ) - snake, serpent

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• श्वसन् (śvasan) - hissing, breathing

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, addressed, told

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root vac (to speak) with suffix -ta.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'Arjuna'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

कृष्णेन (kṛṣṇena) - by Krishna

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Krishna (proper noun); black, dark

प्रेक्षमाणः (prekṣamāṇaḥ) - looking at, observing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prekṣamāṇa

īkṣ - to see, to look at

Present Middle Participle

Formed from root īkṣ (to see) with prefix pra- and middle participle ending.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'Arjuna'.

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhiṣṭhira (accusative)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper noun, literally 'firm in battle')

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (proper noun); white, bright, pure

प्राह (prāha) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of prāha

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice (irregular root). Root ah with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: ah (class 2)

गोविन्दम् (govindam) - to Govinda (accusative)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of govinda

govinda - Govinda (proper noun, an epithet of Krishna); protector of cows, finder of cows

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - angry, enraged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, wrathful

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root krudh (to be angry) with suffix -ta.

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'Arjuna'.

सर्पः (sarpaḥ) - snake, serpent

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarpa

sarpa - snake, serpent, creeping animal

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

श्वसन् (śvasan) - hissing, breathing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvasat

śvasat - breathing, panting, hissing

Present Active Participle

Formed from root śvas (to breathe, to hiss) with present active participle suffix.

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'Arjuna'.