महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-49, verse-27

सत्यस्य वचनं साधु न सत्याद्विद्यते परम् ।
तत्त्वेनैतत्सुदुर्ज्ञेयं यस्य सत्यमनुष्ठितम् ॥२७॥

27. satyasya vacanaṁ sādhu na satyādvidyate param ,
tattvenaitatsudurjñeyaṁ yasya satyamanuṣṭhitam.

27. satyasya vacanam sādhu na satyāt vidyate param
tattvena etat su-dur-jñeyam yasya satyam anuṣṭhitam

27. satyasya vacanam sādhu satyāt param na vidyate yasya satyam anuṣṭhitam,
etat tattvena su-dur-jñeyam

27. Speaking the truth is virtuous, and nothing is superior to truth. However, this (secret of natural law (dharma)) is truly very difficult to comprehend, even for one in whom truth (satyam) is firmly established.

Words meanings summery:

• सत्यस्य (satyasya) - of truth

• वचनम् (vacanam) - speech, word, saying

• साधु (sādhu) - good, virtuous, proper, righteous

• न (na) - not, no

• सत्यात् (satyāt) - from truth, than truth

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found, is known

• परम् (param) - higher, superior, supreme, ultimate

• तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - truly, in reality, in essence, as it is

• एतत् (etat) - Refers to the 'dharma-rahasyam' (secret of dharma). (this, this one)

• सु-दुर्-ज्ञेयम् (su-dur-jñeyam) - very difficult to know/understand

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

• सत्यम् (satyam) - The practice or quality of truthfulness in an individual. (truth, reality)

• अनुष्ठितम् (anuṣṭhitam) - practiced, performed, established, followed

Words meanings and morphology

सत्यस्य (satyasya) - of truth

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, true

Derived from sat ('being, existing, real').

Root: as (class 2)

वचनम् (vacanam) - speech, word, saying

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, saying, word, speech

Action noun from root vac 'to speak'.

Root: vac (class 2)

साधु (sādhu) - good, virtuous, proper, righteous

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, proper, righteous, excellent

Derived from root sādh 'to accomplish'.

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'vacanam'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

सत्यात् (satyāt) - from truth, than truth

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, true

Derived from sat ('being, existing, real').

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used with 'param' to indicate 'superior to'.

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is found, is known

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Tense, Middle Voice

Root vid (class 4), present tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice (often used for 'to exist').

Root: vid (class 4)

परम् (param) - higher, superior, supreme, ultimate

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, another, superior, supreme, ultimate

Note: Often takes an ablative complement to mean 'superior to'.

तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - truly, in reality, in essence, as it is

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, essence, principle

Derived from tad ('that') + tva (abstract suffix).

Note: Used as an adverbial instrumental meaning 'truly' or 'in its essence'.

एतत् (etat) - Refers to the 'dharma-rahasyam' (secret of dharma). (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Can also be accusative singular neuter, but here likely nominative as subject of 'durjñeyam'.

सु-दुर्-ज्ञेयम् (su-dur-jñeyam) - very difficult to know/understand

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of su-dur-jñeya

su-dur-jñeya - very difficult to know, exceedingly hard to understand

Gerundive

Compound of su- (intensive prefix, 'very'), dur- (prefix meaning 'difficult'), and jñeya (gerundive of jñā 'to know').

Compound type : prādi tatpuruṣa (su+dur+jñeya)

• su – good, well, very, easily
  indeclinable
• dur – bad, ill, difficult, hard
  indeclinable
• jñeya – to be known, knowable, comprehensible
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Gerundive (karmaṇi kṛtya) from root jñā 'to know'.
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'etat'.

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun introducing a clause about the subject whose truth is established.

सत्यम् (satyam) - The practice or quality of truthfulness in an individual. (truth, reality)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, true

Derived from sat ('being, existing, real').

Root: as (class 2)

अनुष्ठितम् (anuṣṭhitam) - practiced, performed, established, followed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anu-sthita

anu-sthita - practiced, performed, established, followed, conformed to

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root sthā ('to stand') with prefix anu- ('after, along').

Prefix: anu

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'satyam'.