महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-49, verse-21

स कथं भ्रातरं ज्येष्ठं राजानं धर्मकोविदम् ।
हन्याद्भवान्नरश्रेष्ठ प्राकृतोऽन्यः पुमानिव ॥२१॥

21. sa kathaṁ bhrātaraṁ jyeṣṭhaṁ rājānaṁ dharmakovidam ,
hanyādbhavānnaraśreṣṭha prākṛto'nyaḥ pumāniva.

21. sa katham bhrātaram jyeṣṭham rājānam dharmakovidam
hanyāt bhavān naraśreṣṭha prākṛtaḥ anyaḥ pumān iva

21. naraśreṣṭha bhavān jyeṣṭham rājānam dharmakovidam
bhrātaram katham anyaḥ prākṛtaḥ pumān iva hanyāt

21. O best among men, how can you kill your elder brother, the king, who is so knowledgeable in the natural law (dharma), as if you were just some ordinary person?

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, why)

• भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - brother

• ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - elder (eldest, greatest)

• राजानम् (rājānam) - king

• धर्मकोविदम् (dharmakovidam) - skilled in (dharma), knowledgeable in (dharma)

• हन्यात् (hanyāt) - may kill, should kill

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific)

• नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - O best among men (best among men)

• प्राकृतः (prākṛtaḥ) - ordinary, common, natural

• अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other, another

• पुमान् (pumān) - man, male

• इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कथम् (katham) - how (how, why)

(indeclinable)

भ्रातरम् (bhrātaram) - brother

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - elder (eldest, greatest)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, greatest, best

superlative of vṛddha (old)

राजानम् (rājānam) - king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

धर्मकोविदम् (dharmakovidam) - skilled in (dharma), knowledgeable in (dharma)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmakovida

dharmakovida - versed in (dharma), skilled in law, knowing what is right

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+kovida)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• kovida – skilled, versed, knowing, expert
  adjective (masculine)

हन्यात् (hanyāt) - may kill, should kill

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of han

Root: han (class 2)

भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavant

bhavant - you, your honor (respectful form of address)

Present Active Participle

Derived from root bhū (to be)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used as a respectful 2nd person pronoun, although morphologically a participle.

नरश्रेष्ठ (naraśreṣṭha) - O best among men (best among men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naraśreṣṭha

naraśreṣṭha - best of men, foremost among men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+śreṣṭha)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative of praśasya (excellent)

प्राकृतः (prākṛtaḥ) - ordinary, common, natural

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prākṛta

prākṛta - natural, common, vulgar, ordinary

from prakṛti + aṇ

अन्यः (anyaḥ) - other, another

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

पुमान् (pumān) - man, male

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pums

pums - man, male, person

इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)