महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-49, verse-5

तं दृष्ट्वा नृपशार्दूलं शार्दूलसमविक्रमम् ।
हर्षकाले तु संप्राप्ते कस्मात्त्वा मन्युराविशत् ॥५॥

5. taṁ dṛṣṭvā nṛpaśārdūlaṁ śārdūlasamavikramam ,
harṣakāle tu saṁprāpte kasmāttvā manyurāviśat.

5. tam dṛṣṭvā nṛpaśārdūlam śārdūlasamavikramam
harṣakāle tu samprāpte kasmāt tvā manyuḥ āviśat

5. tam śārdūlasamavikramam nṛpaśārdūlam dṛṣṭvā,
harṣakāle samprāpte tu,
kasmāt manyuḥ tvā āviśat?

5. Having seen that tiger among kings, who possessed valor equal to a tiger, why has anger overcome you when a time for rejoicing has arrived?

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine accusative singular)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

• नृपशार्दूलम् (nṛpaśārdūlam) - tiger among kings, excellent king

• शार्दूलसमविक्रमम् (śārdūlasamavikramam) - whose valor is equal to a tiger's, tiger-like in valor

• हर्षकाले (harṣakāle) - at the time of joy, in the period of happiness

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• सम्प्राप्ते (samprāpte) - having arrived, having occurred

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

• त्वा (tvā) - you (accusative)

• मन्युः (manyuḥ) - anger, wrath, passion

• आविशत् (āviśat) - entered, overcame

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that (masculine accusative singular)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'tiger among kings'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root dṛś with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

नृपशार्दूलम् (nṛpaśārdūlam) - tiger among kings, excellent king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpaśārdūla

nṛpaśārdūla - an excellent king, a tiger among men, chief of kings

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+śārdūla)

• nṛpa – king, protector of men
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger, an excellent one, chief
  noun (masculine)

शार्दूलसमविक्रमम् (śārdūlasamavikramam) - whose valor is equal to a tiger's, tiger-like in valor

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śārdūlasamavikrama

śārdūlasamavikrama - having valor equal to a tiger, tiger-like in prowess

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śārdūla+sama+vikrama)

• śārdūla – tiger
  noun (masculine)
• sama – equal, similar
  adjective
• vikrama – valor, prowess, stride
  noun (masculine)

हर्षकाले (harṣakāle) - at the time of joy, in the period of happiness

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of harṣakāla

harṣakāla - time of joy, season of delight

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (harṣa+kāla)

• harṣa – joy, delight, happiness
  noun (masculine)
• kāla – time, season, period
  noun (masculine)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

सम्प्राप्ते (samprāpte) - having arrived, having occurred

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of samprāpta

samprāpta - arrived, obtained, reached, happened

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root āp with prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'harṣakāle'.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'why'.

त्वा (tvā) - you (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: An alternative form for tvām.

मन्युः (manyuḥ) - anger, wrath, passion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manyu

manyu - anger, wrath, spirit, passion

आविशत् (āviśat) - entered, overcame

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of āviś

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. Root viś with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)