महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-49, verse-108

ब्रूयाद्य एवं गाण्डीवं देह्यन्यस्मै त्वमित्युत ।
स वध्योऽस्य पुमाँल्लोके त्वया चोक्तोऽयमीदृशम् ॥१०८॥

108. brūyādya evaṁ gāṇḍīvaṁ dehyanyasmai tvamityuta ,
sa vadhyo'sya pumāँlloke tvayā cokto'yamīdṛśam.

108. brūyāt yaḥ evam gāṇḍīvam dehi anyasmai tvam iti uta |
sa vadhyaḥ asya pumān loke tvayā ca uktaḥ ayam īdṛśam

108. yaḥ evam,
"tvam gāṇḍīvam anyasmai dehi" iti uta brūyāt,
sa pumān loke vadhyaḥ asya.
ca ayam īdṛśam tvayā uktaḥ.

108. Indeed, any man who says, 'You give the Gāṇḍīva bow to another,' is to be slain by him (Arjuna) in this world. And you (O King) have just spoken such words.

Words meanings summery:

• ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - he should say, he would say

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever, he who

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• गाण्डीवम् (gāṇḍīvam) - the Gāṇḍīva (bow)

• देहि (dehi) - give!

• अन्यस्मै (anyasmai) - to another

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• इति (iti) - thus, so

• उत (uta) - indeed, or

• स (sa) - that one, he

• वध्यः (vadhyaḥ) - to be killed, deserving of death

• अस्य (asya) - by Arjuna (implicit from context) (by him)

• पुमान् (pumān) - man, male person

• लोके (loke) - in the world

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• च (ca) - and

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, said

• अयम् (ayam) - this (one)

• ईदृशम् (īdṛśam) - such, of this kind

Words meanings and morphology

ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - he should say, he would say

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of brū

Optative Mode, Active Voice

Root √brū (class 2/3) conjugated in optative mode.

Root: brū (class 2)

यः (yaḥ) - whoever, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Masculine nominative singular of 'yad'.

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of 'brūyāt'.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

गाण्डीवम् (gāṇḍīvam) - the Gāṇḍīva (bow)

(proper noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gāṇḍīva

gāṇḍīva - Gāṇḍīva (the name of Arjuna's bow)

Note: Object of 'dehi'.

देहि (dehi) - give!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dā

Imperative Mode, Active Voice

Root √dā (class 3) conjugated in imperative mode.

Root: dā (class 3)

अन्यस्मै (anyasmai) - to another

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Masculine/neuter dative singular of 'anya'.

Note: Recipient of the action.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Nominative singular form of 'yuṣmad'.

Note: Subject of the imperative 'dehi'.

इति (iti) - thus, so

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of a quotation.

उत (uta) - indeed, or

(indeclinable)

स (sa) - that one, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine nominative singular of 'tad'.

Note: Correlative pronoun for 'yaḥ'.

वध्यः (vadhyaḥ) - to be killed, deserving of death

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadhya

vadhya - to be killed, killable, deserving of death

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root √vadh (to strike, kill).

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'pumān'.

अस्य (asya) - by Arjuna (implicit from context) (by him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Masculine/neuter genitive singular of 'idam'. Here, used in instrumental sense or as agent.

Note: Used here with the sense of an agent (often seen with gerundives), 'by him'.

पुमान् (pumān) - man, male person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pums

pums - man, male, person, male being

Note: Subject of the implied 'is'.

लोके (loke) - in the world

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Instrumental singular form of 'yuṣmad'.

Note: Agent of 'uktaḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - spoken, said

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told; past passive participle of √vac

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'ayam'.

अयम् (ayam) - this (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Masculine nominative singular of 'idam'.

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'was'.

ईदृशम् (īdṛśam) - such, of this kind

(adjective)

neuter, singular of īdṛśa

īdṛśa - such, of this kind, like this

Note: Modifies 'ayam' (implied 'word' or 'statement').