महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-49, verse-109

अतः सत्यां प्रतिज्ञां तां पार्थेन परिरक्षता ।
मच्छन्दादवमानोऽयं कृतस्तव महीपते ।
गुरूणामवमानो हि वध इत्यभिधीयते ॥१०९॥

109. ataḥ satyāṁ pratijñāṁ tāṁ pārthena parirakṣatā ,
macchandādavamāno'yaṁ kṛtastava mahīpate ,
gurūṇāmavamāno hi vadha ityabhidhīyate.

109. ataḥ satyām pratijñām tām pārthena
parirakṣatā mat-chandāt avamānaḥ
ayam kṛtaḥ tava mahīpate gurūṇām
avamānaḥ hi vadhaḥ iti abhidhīyate

109. mahīpate ataḥ pārthena tām satyām
pratijñām parirakṣatā ayam avamānaḥ
tava mat-chandāt kṛtaḥ hi
gurūṇām avamānaḥ vadhaḥ iti abhidhīyate

109. Therefore, O King, this insult to you was committed by my will, as Arjuna was protecting that truthful vow. Indeed, disrespect towards elders is considered equivalent to killing.

Words meanings summery:

• अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, thus, from this

• सत्याम् (satyām) - true, truthful, real

• प्रतिज्ञाम् (pratijñām) - promise, vow, engagement, agreement

• ताम् (tām) - that, her

• पार्थेन (pārthena) - by Arjuna (son of Pṛthā/Kuntī)

• परिरक्षता (parirakṣatā) - by one protecting well, while protecting

• मत्-छन्दात् (mat-chandāt) - by my will, from my desire

• अवमानः (avamānaḥ) - disrespect, insult, contempt

• अयम् (ayam) - this, he

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - done, made, performed

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• महीपते (mahīpate) - O king, O lord of the earth

• गुरूणाम् (gurūṇām) - of elders, of teachers, of respected persons

• अवमानः (avamānaḥ) - disrespect, insult, contempt

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• वधः (vadhaḥ) - killing, murder, slaughter

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner (marks end of a quote or thought)

• अभिधीयते (abhidhīyate) - is called, is declared, is said

Words meanings and morphology

अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, thus, from this

(indeclinable)

ablative ending from 'idam'

सत्याम् (satyām) - true, truthful, real

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of satya

satya - true, truthful, real, genuine

From 'sat' (being, existing)

Root: as (class 2)

प्रतिज्ञाम् (pratijñām) - promise, vow, engagement, agreement

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pratijñā

pratijñā - promise, vow, declaration, agreement

From 'prati-jñā' (to promise, acknowledge)

Prefix: prati

Root: jñā (class 9)

ताम् (tām) - that, her

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, she, it

पार्थेन (pārthena) - by Arjuna (son of Pṛthā/Kuntī)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

Patronymic from Pṛthā

परिरक्षता (parirakṣatā) - by one protecting well, while protecting

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of parirakṣat

parirakṣat - protecting, guarding carefully

Present Active Participle

Formed from root 'rakṣ' with upasarga 'pari'

Prefix: pari

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

मत्-छन्दात् (mat-chandāt) - by my will, from my desire

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of mat-chanda

mat-chanda - my will, my desire

Compound type : Tatpurusha (mad+chanda)

• mad – I, me, my
  pronoun
• chanda – will, desire, intention
  noun (masculine)
  Root: chad (class 1)

अवमानः (avamānaḥ) - disrespect, insult, contempt

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avamāna

avamāna - disrespect, insult, contempt, disregard

From root 'man' with upasarga 'ava'

Prefix: ava

Root: man (class 4)

अयम् (ayam) - this, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - done, made, performed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, accomplished, performed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'kṛ'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you, your

महीपते (mahīpate) - O king, O lord of the earth

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahīpati

mahīpati - lord of the earth, king

Compound type : Tatpurusha (mahī+pati)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

गुरूणाम् (gurūṇām) - of elders, of teachers, of respected persons

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of guru

guru - teacher (guru), elder, heavy, important

अवमानः (avamānaḥ) - disrespect, insult, contempt

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avamāna

avamāna - disrespect, insult, contempt, disregard

From root 'man' with upasarga 'ava'

Prefix: ava

Root: man (class 4)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

वधः (vadhaḥ) - killing, murder, slaughter

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, murder, slaughter, striking

From root 'vadh' (to strike, kill)

Root: vadh (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this manner (marks end of a quote or thought)

(indeclinable)

अभिधीयते (abhidhīyate) - is called, is declared, is said

(verb)

3rd person , passive, present (laṭ) of abhidhā

Present passive indicative, 3rd person singular

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhā (class 3)