महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-5, verse-78

कच्चिद्दण्ड्येषु यमवत्पूज्येषु च विशां पते ।
परीक्ष्य वर्तसे सम्यगप्रियेषु प्रियेषु च ॥७८॥

78. kacciddaṇḍyeṣu yamavatpūjyeṣu ca viśāṁ pate ,
parīkṣya vartase samyagapriyeṣu priyeṣu ca.

78. kaccit daṇḍyeṣu yamavat pūjyeṣu ca viśām pate
parīkṣya vartase samyak apriyeṣu priyeṣu ca

78. O lord of the people, do you, after careful examination, act justly towards those deserving punishment (like Yama), and also towards those worthy of honor, and impartially towards friends and enemies alike?

Words meanings summery:

• कच्चित् (kaccit) - I hope that, do you by any chance, is it that

• दण्ड्येषु (daṇḍyeṣu) - among those to be punished, towards those deserving punishment

• यमवत् (yamavat) - with the impartiality and strictness of Yama, the god of justice (like Yama, as Yama)

• पूज्येषु (pūjyeṣu) - among those worthy of honor, towards those to be revered

• च (ca) - and, also

• विशाम् (viśām) - of people, of subjects, of the populace

• पते (pate) - O lord of the people (addressing Yudhiṣṭhira) (O lord, O master)

• परीक्ष्य (parīkṣya) - having examined, after careful consideration, having investigated

• वर्तसे (vartase) - you act justly (you exist, you behave, you act)

• सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, rightly, justly, completely

• अप्रियेषु (apriyeṣu) - among enemies, towards the disliked ones, to the unpleasant ones

• प्रियेषु (priyeṣu) - among friends, towards the beloved ones, to the dear ones

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

कच्चित् (kaccit) - I hope that, do you by any chance, is it that

(indeclinable)

दण्ड्येषु (daṇḍyeṣu) - among those to be punished, towards those deserving punishment

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of daṇḍya

daṇḍya - punishable, deserving of punishment

Gerundive (karmaṇi prayogya)

From root daṇḍ (to punish) with suffix -ya

Root: daṇḍ (class 10)

Note: Used as a noun referring to 'people deserving punishment'.

यमवत् (yamavat) - with the impartiality and strictness of Yama, the god of justice (like Yama, as Yama)

(indeclinable)

From Yama with suffix -vat (like, similar to)

Note: Yama is the god of death and justice.

पूज्येषु (pūjyeṣu) - among those worthy of honor, towards those to be revered

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of pūjya

pūjya - venerable, deserving of honor, respectable

Gerundive (karmaṇi prayogya)

From root pūj (to honor, worship) with suffix -ya

Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: Used as a noun referring to 'people worthy of honor'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'daṇḍyeṣu' and 'pūjyeṣu'.

विशाम् (viśām) - of people, of subjects, of the populace

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, community

Note: Governed by 'pate'.

पते (pate) - O lord of the people (addressing Yudhiṣṭhira) (O lord, O master)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband

Note: Forms a compound address 'viśāṁ pate'.

परीक्ष्य (parīkṣya) - having examined, after careful consideration, having investigated

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root īkṣ (to see, to look at) with prefix pari- and suffix -ya

Prefix: pari

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

वर्तसे (vartase) - you act justly (you exist, you behave, you act)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Present middle

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: The subject is the implied 'you' (Yudhiṣṭhira).

सम्यक् (samyak) - properly, rightly, justly, completely

(indeclinable)

Note: Qualifies 'vartase'.

अप्रियेषु (apriyeṣu) - among enemies, towards the disliked ones, to the unpleasant ones

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, enemy, foe

Negated form of priya (dear)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, beloved, friend
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Used as a noun.

प्रियेषु (priyeṣu) - among friends, towards the beloved ones, to the dear ones

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of priya

priya - dear, beloved, friend

Note: Used as a noun.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'apriyeṣu' and 'priyeṣu'.