महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-5, verse-101

नारद उवाच ।
अग्निहोत्रफला वेदा दत्तभुक्तफलं धनम् ।
रतिपुत्रफला दाराः शीलवृत्तफलं श्रुतम् ॥१०१॥

101. nārada uvāca ,
agnihotraphalā vedā dattabhuktaphalaṁ dhanam ,
ratiputraphalā dārāḥ śīlavṛttaphalaṁ śrutam.

101. nāradaḥ uvāca agnihotraphalāḥ vedāḥ dattabhuktaphalam
dhanam ratiputraphalāḥ dārāḥ śīlavṛttaphalam śrutam

101. Nārada said: The Vedas are fruitful when performed with the fire ritual (agnihotra). Wealth is fruitful when given away and enjoyed. Wives are fruitful through conjugal pleasure and progeny. Learning is fruitful through good character and ethical conduct.

Words meanings summery:

• नारदः (nāradaḥ) - Nārada (a divine sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अग्निहोत्रफलाः (agnihotraphalāḥ) - The Vedas are fruitful *through* the performance of agnihotra. (having agnihotra (fire ritual) as their fruit/result)

• वेदाः (vedāḥ) - the Vedas (sacred texts)

• दत्तभुक्तफलम् (dattabhuktaphalam) - Wealth is fruitful *through* giving to others and enjoying it oneself. (having giving and enjoyment as its fruit/result)

• धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches, property

• रतिपुत्रफलाः (ratiputraphalāḥ) - Wives are fruitful *through* conjugal pleasure and having sons. (having pleasure and progeny as their fruit/result)

• दाराः (dārāḥ) - wives

• शीलवृत्तफलम् (śīlavṛttaphalam) - Learning is fruitful *through* developing good character and ethical conduct. (having good character and conduct as its fruit/result)

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - learning, sacred knowledge, what has been heard

Words meanings and morphology

नारदः (nāradaḥ) - Nārada (a divine sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nārada

nārada - Nārada (name of a divine sage, a son of Brahmā, famed for music and storytelling)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, Perfect tense, Parasmaipada, irregular form

Root: vac (class 2)

अग्निहोत्रफलाः (agnihotraphalāḥ) - The Vedas are fruitful *through* the performance of agnihotra. (having agnihotra (fire ritual) as their fruit/result)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of agnihotraphala

agnihotraphala - having the agnihotra as its fruit, leading to agnihotra, fruitful by agnihotra

Compound type : bahuvrihi (agnihotra+phala)

• agnihotra – fire sacrifice, oblation to Agni (fire god)
  noun (neuter)
• phala – fruit, result, reward
  noun (neuter)

Note: Feminine nominative plural form, agreeing with 'vedāḥ'.

वेदाः (vedāḥ) - the Vedas (sacred texts)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of veda

veda - knowledge, sacred knowledge, the Vedas (Rgveda, Yajurveda, Sāmaveda, Atharvaveda)

From root vid (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Masculine nominative plural form.

दत्तभुक्तफलम् (dattabhuktaphalam) - Wealth is fruitful *through* giving to others and enjoying it oneself. (having giving and enjoyment as its fruit/result)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dattabhuktaphala

dattabhuktaphala - having giving and enjoyment as its fruit, resulting from giving and enjoyment

Compound type : bahuvrihi (datta+bhukta+phala)

• datta – given, granted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dā (to give)
  Root: dā (class 3)
• bhukta – eaten, enjoyed, possessed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhuj (to enjoy, eat)
  Root: bhuj (class 7)
• phala – fruit, result, reward
  noun (neuter)

Note: Neuter nominative singular form, agreeing with 'dhanam'.

धनम् (dhanam) - wealth, riches, property

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, money

From root dhā (to place, to bear)

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Also accusative singular. Here, nominative.

रतिपुत्रफलाः (ratiputraphalāḥ) - Wives are fruitful *through* conjugal pleasure and having sons. (having pleasure and progeny as their fruit/result)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of ratiputraphala

ratiputraphala - having pleasure and sons as their fruit, resulting from pleasure and sons

Compound type : bahuvrihi (rati+putra+phala)

• rati – pleasure, delight, sexual intercourse
  noun (feminine)
  From root ram (to delight)
  Root: ram (class 1)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• phala – fruit, result, reward
  noun (neuter)

Note: Feminine nominative plural form, agreeing with 'dārāḥ'.

दाराः (dārāḥ) - wives

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dāra

dāra - wife (masculine noun, but refers to female spouse, and is usually plural)

Note: Masculine nominative plural form, referring to wives.

शीलवृत्तफलम् (śīlavṛttaphalam) - Learning is fruitful *through* developing good character and ethical conduct. (having good character and conduct as its fruit/result)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śīlavṛttaphala

śīlavṛttaphala - having good character and conduct as its fruit, resulting from good character and conduct

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śīla+vṛtta+phala)

• śīla – nature, character, habit, moral conduct
  noun (neuter)
• vṛtta – conduct, behavior, course of action
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root vṛt (to be, to exist, to turn)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• phala – fruit, result, reward
  noun (neuter)

Note: Neuter nominative singular form, agreeing with 'śrutam'.

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - learning, sacred knowledge, what has been heard

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, learned, knowledge, sacred tradition, learning

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root śru (to hear) + suffix kta (ta)

Root: śru (class 1)

Note: Neuter nominative singular form.