महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-5, verse-18

कच्चिन्निद्रावशं नैषि कच्चित्काले विबुध्यसे ।
कच्चिच्चापररात्रेषु चिन्तयस्यर्थमर्थवित् ॥१८॥

18. kaccinnidrāvaśaṁ naiṣi kaccitkāle vibudhyase ,
kacciccāpararātreṣu cintayasyarthamarthavit.

18. kaccit nidrāvaśam na eṣi kaccit kāle vibudhyase
kaccit ca apararātreṣu cintayasi artham arthavit

18. I hope you do not succumb to sleep, and that you awaken at the proper time. And I hope that, being well-versed in matters of state, you reflect upon important affairs in the latter part of the night.

18. האם אינך נכנע לשינה, האם אתה מתעורר בעתו, ובשעות האחרונות של הלילה האם אתה מהרהר, כמי שמבין בענייני התועלת, במה שנדרש לממלכתך?

Words meanings summery:

• कच्चित् (kaccit) - I hope that, perhaps, surely

• निद्रावशम् (nidrāvaśam) - under the control of sleep, subjection to sleep

• न (na) - not, no

• एषि (eṣi) - you fall (into sleep's sway) (you go, you approach)

• कच्चित् (kaccit) - I hope that, perhaps, surely

• काले (kāle) - at the proper time (at time, in time)

• विबुध्यसे (vibudhyase) - you awaken (from sleep) (you awaken, you become awake, you understand)

• कच्चित् (kaccit) - I hope that, perhaps, surely

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपररात्रेषु (apararātreṣu) - in the later parts of the night, in the last watch of the night

• चिन्तयसि (cintayasi) - you reflect upon (you think, you consider, you ponder)

• अर्थम् (artham) - important affairs / matters of state (purpose, meaning, wealth, affair, matter)

• अर्थवित् (arthavit) - expert in matters of state (knower of affairs, expert in purpose/meaning)

Words meanings and morphology

कच्चित् (kaccit) - I hope that, perhaps, surely

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative particle implying hope or doubt.

निद्रावशम् (nidrāvaśam) - under the control of sleep, subjection to sleep

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nidrāvaśa

nidrāvaśa - under the power of sleep, subject to sleep

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nidrā+vaśa)

• nidrā – sleep, slumber
  noun (feminine)
• vaśa – control, power, sway, will
  noun (masculine)

Note: Often used idiomatically with verbs like 'eṣi' (to go) to mean 'to fall under'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एषि (eṣi) - you fall (into sleep's sway) (you go, you approach)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of i

Present Active

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Used with 'nidrāvaśam' to mean 'to succumb to sleep'.

कच्चित् (kaccit) - I hope that, perhaps, surely

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative particle implying hope or doubt.

काले (kāle) - at the proper time (at time, in time)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, proper time, destiny

विबुध्यसे (vibudhyase) - you awaken (from sleep) (you awaken, you become awake, you understand)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vibudh

Present Middle

Prefix: vi

Root: budh (class 4)

कच्चित् (kaccit) - I hope that, perhaps, surely

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative particle implying hope or doubt.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपररात्रेषु (apararātreṣu) - in the later parts of the night, in the last watch of the night

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of apararātra

apararātra - latter part of the night, last watch of the night

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (apara+rātra)

• apara – other, later, subsequent, western
  adjective (masculine)
• rātra – night, nocturnal
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rā (class 2)

चिन्तयसि (cintayasi) - you reflect upon (you think, you consider, you ponder)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of cint

Present Active

Root: cit (class 10)

अर्थम् (artham) - important affairs / matters of state (purpose, meaning, wealth, affair, matter)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, wealth, matter, affair, object, advantage

Note: Object of 'cintayasi'.

अर्थवित् (arthavit) - expert in matters of state (knower of affairs, expert in purpose/meaning)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arthavid

arthavid - knower of meaning, expert in affairs, understanding purpose

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (artha+vid)

• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, matter, affair
  noun (masculine)
• vid – knower, expert, learned
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with the implied 'you' (tvam).

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