महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-5, verse-75

कच्चिद्द्वौ प्रथमौ यामौ रात्र्यां सुप्त्वा विशां पते ।
संचिन्तयसि धर्मार्थौ याम उत्थाय पश्चिमे ॥७५॥

75. kacciddvau prathamau yāmau rātryāṁ suptvā viśāṁ pate ,
saṁcintayasi dharmārthau yāma utthāya paścime.

75. kaccit dvau prathamau yāmau rātryām suptvā viśām
pate saṃcintayasi dharmārthau yāme utthāya paścime

75. O lord of the people, having slept during the first two watches of the night, do you then, rising in the last watch, reflect upon righteousness (dharma) and material prosperity (artha)?

Words meanings summery:

• कच्चित् (kaccit) - Is it so that?; I hope that; Do you...?

• द्वौ (dvau) - two

• प्रथमौ (prathamau) - first

• यामौ (yāmau) - watches (of the night)

• रात्र्याम् (rātryām) - in the night, during the night

• सुप्त्वा (suptvā) - having slept

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

• पते (pate) - O lord, O master

• संचिन्तयसि (saṁcintayasi) - you ponder, you reflect, you deliberate thoroughly

• धर्मार्थौ (dharmārthau) - righteousness (dharma) and material prosperity (artha)

• यामे (yāme) - in the watch

• उत्थाय (utthāya) - having risen, having stood up

• पश्चिमे (paścime) - in the last (watch) (in the last, in the western)

Words meanings and morphology

कच्चित् (kaccit) - Is it so that?; I hope that; Do you...?

(indeclinable)

Interrogative particle implying hope or apprehension.

द्वौ (dvau) - two

(numeral)

प्रथमौ (prathamau) - first

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of prathama

prathama - first, foremost, primary

Note: Agrees with 'yāmau'.

यामौ (yāmau) - watches (of the night)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of yāma

yāma - watch of the night (a period of three hours), going, course

Derived from root 'yā' (to go).

Root: yā (class 2)

रात्र्याम् (rātryām) - in the night, during the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

सुप्त्वा (suptvā) - having slept

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'svap' (to sleep) with the suffix '-tvā'.

Root: svap (class 2)

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, inhabitants, subjects, household

पते (pate) - O lord, O master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, owner

संचिन्तयसि (saṁcintayasi) - you ponder, you reflect, you deliberate thoroughly

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of saṃcintay

Derived from prefix 'sam' and root 'cint' (to think). The 'ay' ending is characteristic of the 10th class or causative stem.

Prefix: sam

Root: cint (class 10)

धर्मार्थौ (dharmārthau) - righteousness (dharma) and material prosperity (artha)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of dharmārtha

dharmārtha - righteousness and material prosperity

A Dvandva compound of 'dharma' and 'artha'.

Compound type : dvandva (dharma+artha)

• dharma – constitution, natural law, righteousness, duty, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, material prosperity, object
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'ṛ' (to go, to move) or 'arth' (to ask).
  Root: ṛ (class 5)

यामे (yāme) - in the watch

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yāma

yāma - watch of the night (a period of three hours), going, course

Derived from root 'yā' (to go).

Root: yā (class 2)

उत्थाय (utthāya) - having risen, having stood up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from prefix 'ut' and root 'sthā' (to stand) with suffix '-yaP'.

Prefix: ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

पश्चिमे (paścime) - in the last (watch) (in the last, in the western)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of paścima

paścima - last, western, hindmost

Note: Agrees with 'yāme'.