महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-5, verse-50

कच्चिदात्मानमेवाग्रे विजित्य विजितेन्द्रियः ।
पराञ्जिगीषसे पार्थ प्रमत्तानजितेन्द्रियान् ॥५०॥

50. kaccidātmānamevāgre vijitya vijitendriyaḥ ,
parāñjigīṣase pārtha pramattānajitendriyān.

50. kaccit ātmānam eva agre vijitya vijitendriyaḥ
pārtha parān jigīṣase pramattān ajitendriyān

50. O Pārtha, after first conquering your own self (ātman) and having mastered your senses, do you then desire to conquer those heedless enemies who have not mastered their senses?

50. הו פָּארְטְהַא, האם לאחר שכבשת תחילה את עצמך ושלטת בחושיך, אתה מבקש לנצח אחרים, שהם רשלנים וחסרי שליטה בחושיהם?

Words meanings summery:

• कच्चित् (kaccit) - Do you first... (I hope that..., Is it that...)

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - the self, one's own self, soul, spirit

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, just, precisely

• अग्रे (agre) - first, beforehand, in front

• विजित्य (vijitya) - having conquered, after conquering

• विजितेन्द्रियः (vijitendriyaḥ) - one who has conquered his senses, self-controlled

• पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (O son of Pṛthā)

• परान् (parān) - others, enemies

• जिगीषसे (jigīṣase) - you wish to conquer, you desire to win

• प्रमत्तान् (pramattān) - careless, heedless, negligent, intoxicated

• अजितेन्द्रियान् (ajitendriyān) - those who have not conquered their senses, uncontrolled in senses

Words meanings and morphology

कच्चित् (kaccit) - Do you first... (I hope that..., Is it that...)

(indeclinable)

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - the self, one's own self, soul, spirit

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual soul, essence

एव (eva) - only, indeed, just, precisely

(indeclinable)

अग्रे (agre) - first, beforehand, in front

(indeclinable)

Locative case of 'agra' used adverbially.

विजित्य (vijitya) - having conquered, after conquering

(indeclinable)

Gerund/Absolutive

Derived from the root √ji (to conquer) with the prefix vi- and the suffix -tya.

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

विजितेन्द्रियः (vijitendriyaḥ) - one who has conquered his senses, self-controlled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vijitendriya

vijitendriya - one who has conquered or subdued his senses; master of senses

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vijita+indriya)

• vijita – conquered, subdued, mastered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √ji (to conquer) with the prefix vi-.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ji (class 1)
• indriya – sense organ, faculty, power
  noun (neuter)

पार्थ (pārtha) - O Arjuna (O son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), an epithet of Arjuna

Patronymic derived from Pṛthā (Kunti).

परान् (parān) - others, enemies

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of para

para - other, foreign, enemy, supreme

जिगीषसे (jigīṣase) - you wish to conquer, you desire to win

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jigīṣ

Present Tense, Desiderative Mood

Desiderative stem from the root √ji (to conquer), conjugated in the Ātmanepada (middle voice).

Root: ji (class 1)

प्रमत्तान् (pramattān) - careless, heedless, negligent, intoxicated

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pramatta

pramatta - careless, heedless, negligent, intoxicated, deluded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √mad (to be exhilarated, mad) with prefix pra- (forth, forward).

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

अजितेन्द्रियान् (ajitendriyān) - those who have not conquered their senses, uncontrolled in senses

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ajitendriya

ajitendriya - one whose senses are not subdued; uncontrolled in senses

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ajita+indriya)

• ajita – unconquered, unsubdued, invincible
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √ji (to conquer) with the negative prefix a-.
  Prefix: a
  Root: ji (class 1)
• indriya – sense organ, faculty, power
  noun (neuter)

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