महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-5, verse-39

कालातिक्रमणाद्ध्येते भक्तवेतनयोर्भृताः ।
भर्तुः कुप्यन्ति दौर्गत्यात्सोऽनर्थः सुमहान्स्मृतः ॥३९॥

39. kālātikramaṇāddhyete bhaktavetanayorbhṛtāḥ ,
bhartuḥ kupyanti daurgatyātso'narthaḥ sumahānsmṛtaḥ.

39. kālātīkramaṇāt hi ete bhaktavetanayoḥ bhṛtāḥ bhartuḥ
kupyanti daurgatyāt saḥ anarthaḥ sumahān smṛtaḥ

39. Indeed, these employees, due to the delay in their food and wages, become angry with their master because of their financial distress. That is considered a very great calamity.

Words meanings summery:

• कालातीक्रमणात् (kālātīkramaṇāt) - due to delay in time, from transgression of time

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

• एते (ete) - these (ones)

• भक्तवेतनयोः (bhaktavetanayoḥ) - of the food and wages

• भृताः (bhṛtāḥ) - employees, dependents, maintained ones

• भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of the master, towards the master

• कुप्यन्ति (kupyanti) - they become angry

• दौर्गत्यात् (daurgatyāt) - due to poverty, from distress

• सः (saḥ) - that

• अनर्थः (anarthaḥ) - calamity, misfortune, evil

• सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great, immense

• स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is considered, is remembered

Words meanings and morphology

कालातीक्रमणात् (kālātīkramaṇāt) - due to delay in time, from transgression of time

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kālātīkramaṇa

kālātīkramaṇa - delay, lapse of time, transgression of time

Compound: kāla + atīkramaṇa

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+atīkramaṇa)

• kāla – time
  noun (masculine)
• atīkramaṇa – transgression, passing over, delay
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  From root `kram` with upasarga `ati`
  Prefix: ati
  Root: kram (class 1)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because

(indeclinable)

एते (ete) - these (ones)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

भक्तवेतनयोः (bhaktavetanayoḥ) - of the food and wages

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, dual of bhaktavetana

bhaktavetana - food and wages

Compound: bhakta + vetana

Compound type : dvandva (bhakta+vetana)

• bhakta – food, an allowance for food
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle of `bhaj` used as noun
  Root: bhaj (class 1)
• vetana – wages, pay, salary
  noun (neuter)

भृताः (bhṛtāḥ) - employees, dependents, maintained ones

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhṛta

bhṛta - paid, maintained, employed, servant

Past Passive Participle

From root `bhṛ`

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Used as a noun referring to the employees/servants.

भर्तुः (bhartuḥ) - of the master, towards the master

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - master, lord, husband, supporter

Note: Often used with verbs of anger.

कुप्यन्ति (kupyanti) - they become angry

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of kup

Root: kup (class 4)

दौर्गत्यात् (daurgatyāt) - due to poverty, from distress

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of daurgatya

daurgatya - poverty, misery, distress, evil state

Derived from `durgati`

सः (saḥ) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the anger and distress of the employees.

अनर्थः (anarthaḥ) - calamity, misfortune, evil

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anartha

anartha - misfortune, calamity, evil, purposeless

Compound: a (negation) + artha (purpose, wealth)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+artha)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, advantage
  noun (masculine)

सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great, immense

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, immense, mighty

Compound: su + mahat

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  prefix indicating excellence
• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)

स्मृतः (smṛtaḥ) - is considered, is remembered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of smṛta

smṛta - remembered, called to mind, considered

Past Passive Participle

From root `smṛ`

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Used predicatively, often implying "it is held" or "it is declared".