महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-5, verse-116

नारद उवाच ।
एवं यो वर्तते राजा चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य रक्षणे ।
स विहृत्येह सुसुखी शक्रस्यैति सलोकताम् ॥११६॥

116. nārada uvāca ,
evaṁ yo vartate rājā cāturvarṇyasya rakṣaṇe ,
sa vihṛtyeha susukhī śakrasyaiti salokatām.

116. nārada uvāca evaṃ yaḥ vartate rājā cāturvarṇyasya
rakṣaṇe sa vihṛtya iha susukhī śakrasya eti salokatām

116. Nārada said: The king who conducts himself in this manner, dedicated to the protection of the four social classes (cāturvarṇya), lives very happily in this world and then attains the same celestial abode as Indra (Śakra).

Words meanings summery:

• नारद (nārada) - Nārada (a divine sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवं (evaṁ) - thus, in this manner

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• वर्तते (vartate) - acts, behaves, exists, proceeds

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler, sovereign

• चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य (cāturvarṇyasya) - of the four classes, of the four varṇas

• रक्षणे (rakṣaṇe) - in the protection, for the protection, in guarding

• स (sa) - he, that

• विहृत्य (vihṛtya) - having lived, having dwelled, having spent time

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, at this time

• सुसुखी (susukhī) - very happy, extremely blissful

• शक्रस्य (śakrasya) - of the god Indra (of Indra, of the mighty one)

• एति (eti) - goes, comes, attains, reaches

• सलोकताम् (salokatām) - the same celestial abode (as Indra) (the state of being in the same world, co-existence in the same sphere)

Words meanings and morphology

नारद (nārada) - Nārada (a divine sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nārada

nārada - Nārada (a divine sage, son of Brahmā, known for carrying news and playing the vīṇā)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice (parasmaipada)

Root: vac (class 2)

एवं (evaṁ) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'vartate'.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Relative pronoun referring to 'rājā'.

वर्तते (vartate) - acts, behaves, exists, proceeds

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Present Middle

3rd person singular, present tense, middle voice (ātmanepada)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler, sovereign

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign, monarch

Note: Subject of 'vartate'.

चातुर्वर्ण्यस्य (cāturvarṇyasya) - of the four classes, of the four varṇas

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of cāturvarṇya

cāturvarṇya - the system of four classes/varṇas (Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya, Śūdra), the four classes of society

Derived from 'caturvarṇa' (four classes).

Compound type : dvigu (catur+varṇa)

• catur – four
  numeral
• varṇa – color, class, caste, social order
  noun (masculine)

Note: Genitive modifying 'rakṣaṇe'.

रक्षणे (rakṣaṇe) - in the protection, for the protection, in guarding

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rakṣaṇa

rakṣaṇa - protection, guarding, preserving, defending

Derived from root 'rakṣ' (to protect) with suffix '-ana'.

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Indicates the sphere or purpose of action for 'vartate'.

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Correlative pronoun to 'yaḥ', referring to the king.

विहृत्य (vihṛtya) - having lived, having dwelled, having spent time

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Absolutive (gerund) form from root 'hṛ' with prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Indicates a prior action performed by the subject 'sa'.

इह (iha) - here, in this world, at this time

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place/time.

सुसुखी (susukhī) - very happy, extremely blissful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of susukhin

susukhin - very happy, delighted, enjoying great happiness

From 'su-' (well/very) + 'sukhin' (happy).

Compound type : tatpurusha (su+sukhin)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
  Intensifying prefix.
• sukhin – happy, joyful, possessing happiness
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from 'sukha' (happiness) with the possessive suffix '-in'.

Note: Agrees with 'sa'.

शक्रस्य (śakrasya) - of the god Indra (of Indra, of the mighty one)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra (chief of the devas), the powerful one, mighty

Note: Genitive modifying 'salokatām'.

एति (eti) - goes, comes, attains, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of i

Present Active

3rd person singular, present tense, active voice (parasmaipada)

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the correlative clause.

सलोकताम् (salokatām) - the same celestial abode (as Indra) (the state of being in the same world, co-existence in the same sphere)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of salokatā

salokatā - state of being in the same world/sphere, co-existence

Derived from the adjective 'saloka' with the abstract noun suffix '-tā'.

Note: Object of 'eti'.