महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-5, verse-51

कच्चित्ते यास्यतः शत्रून्पूर्वं यान्ति स्वनुष्ठिताः ।
साम दानं च भेदश्च दण्डश्च विधिवद्गुणाः ॥५१॥

51. kaccitte yāsyataḥ śatrūnpūrvaṁ yānti svanuṣṭhitāḥ ,
sāma dānaṁ ca bhedaśca daṇḍaśca vidhivadguṇāḥ.

51. kaccit te yāsyataḥ śatrūn pūrvam yānti svanuṣṭhitāḥ
sāma dānam ca bhedaḥ ca daṇḍaḥ ca vidhivat guṇāḥ

51. I hope that, as you prepare to confront your enemies, your well-implemented policies—conciliation, strategic gifts, creating division, and the use of force—are first applied according to established rules.

Words meanings summery:

• कच्चित् (kaccit) - Do you ensure that... (I hope that..., Is it that...)

• ते (te) - to you, your, for you

• यास्यतः (yāsyataḥ) - when you are about to confront (of one who is going, as one goes, when one is about to go)

• शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies, adversaries

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first, before, previously

• यान्ति (yānti) - they are applied (referring to the policies) (they go, they proceed)

• स्वनुष्ठिताः (svanuṣṭhitāḥ) - well-implemented (well-executed, properly applied, duly performed)

• साम (sāma) - conciliation, negotiation, peaceful approach

• दानम् (dānam) - strategic gifts (gift, donation, concession, bribe)

• च (ca) - and, also

• भेदः (bhedaḥ) - creating division (among enemies) (division, dissension, splitting)

• च (ca) - and, also

• दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - use of force (punishment, force, coercion)

• च (ca) - and, also

• विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to rule, properly, duly

• गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - policies, means of statecraft (qualities, attributes, means, expedients)

Words meanings and morphology

कच्चित् (kaccit) - Do you ensure that... (I hope that..., Is it that...)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - to you, your, for you

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

यास्यतः (yāsyataḥ) - when you are about to confront (of one who is going, as one goes, when one is about to go)

(adjective)

masculine, singular of yāsat

yāsat - going, about to go, intending to go

Future Active Participle

Derived from the root √yā (to go) with the future suffix -sya and the participle suffix -at.

Root: yā (class 2)

शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies, adversaries

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, adversary

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first, before, previously

(indeclinable)

Accusative singular neuter of 'pūrva', used adverbially.

यान्ति (yānti) - they are applied (referring to the policies) (they go, they proceed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of yā

Present Tense

From the root √yā (to go).

Root: yā (class 2)

स्वनुष्ठिताः (svanuṣṭhitāḥ) - well-implemented (well-executed, properly applied, duly performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svanuṣṭhita

svanuṣṭhita - well-executed, properly done, duly performed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √sthā (to stand) with prefixes su- (well) and anu- (after, properly).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+anuṣṭhita)

• su – well, good, proper, excellent
  indeclinable
• anuṣṭhita – performed, executed, carried out
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root √sthā (to stand) with prefix anu-.
  Prefix: anu
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with guṇāḥ.

साम (sāma) - conciliation, negotiation, peaceful approach

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sāma

sāma - conciliation, negotiation, gentle words, peaceful means

दानम् (dānam) - strategic gifts (gift, donation, concession, bribe)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāna

dāna - gift, donation, giving, liberality

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भेदः (bhedaḥ) - creating division (among enemies) (division, dissension, splitting)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bheda

bheda - breaking, splitting, division, dissension

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - use of force (punishment, force, coercion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - stick, staff, punishment, fine, force, coercion

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to rule, properly, duly

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'vidhi' (rule, method) with the suffix '-vat' (like, according to).

गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - policies, means of statecraft (qualities, attributes, means, expedients)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, attribute, virtue, merit, means, expedient