महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-5, verse-103

नारद उवाच ।
कच्चिदभ्यागता दूराद्वणिजो लाभकारणात् ।
यथोक्तमवहार्यन्ते शुल्कं शुल्कोपजीविभिः ॥१०३॥

103. nārada uvāca ,
kaccidabhyāgatā dūrādvaṇijo lābhakāraṇāt ,
yathoktamavahāryante śulkaṁ śulkopajīvibhiḥ.

103. nārada uvāca kaccit abhyāgatāḥ dūrāt vaṇijaḥ lābhakāraṇāt
yathoktam avahāryante śulkam śulkopajīvibhiḥ

103. Nārada said, "I hope that the merchants who have come from afar for the purpose of profit are made to pay the prescribed duty by the tax collectors."

Words meanings summery:

• नारद (nārada) - Nārada (a divine sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कच्चित् (kaccit) - I hope that, is it so that?, perhaps

• अभ्यागताः (abhyāgatāḥ) - those who have come, arrived

• दूरात् (dūrāt) - from afar, from a distance

• वणिजः (vaṇijaḥ) - merchants, traders

• लाभकारणात् (lābhakāraṇāt) - from/for the reason of gain/profit

• यथोक्तम् (yathoktam) - as said, as prescribed, as stated

• अवहार्यन्ते (avahāryante) - are made to pay (taxes) (are made to pay, are collected, are taken away)

• शुल्कम् (śulkam) - tax, toll, duty, tribute

• शुल्कोपजीविभिः (śulkopajīvibhiḥ) - by tax collectors, by those living on duties

Words meanings and morphology

नारद (nārada) - Nārada (a divine sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nārada

nārada - Nārada (a divine sage, son of Brahmā)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense form of √vac (class 2)

Root: vac (class 2)

कच्चित् (kaccit) - I hope that, is it so that?, perhaps

(indeclinable)

अभ्यागताः (abhyāgatāḥ) - those who have come, arrived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhyāgata

abhyāgata - come, arrived, approached; a guest

Past Passive Participle

from abhi-ā-√gam (to approach, arrive)

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

दूरात् (dūrāt) - from afar, from a distance

(indeclinable)

Ablative case of dūra used adverbially

Note: Functions adverbially.

वणिजः (vaṇijaḥ) - merchants, traders

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vaṇij

vaṇij - merchant, trader

लाभकारणात् (lābhakāraṇāt) - from/for the reason of gain/profit

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of lābhakāraṇa

lābhakāraṇa - reason for profit, cause of gain

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (lābha+kāraṇa)

• lābha – gain, acquisition, profit
  noun (masculine)
  Root: labh (class 1)
• kāraṇa – cause, reason, instrument, motive
  noun (neuter)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The ablative case here denotes 'purpose' or 'reason'.

यथोक्तम् (yathoktam) - as said, as prescribed, as stated

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

Compound of yathā (as) and ukta (said, P.P.P of √vac)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+ukta)

• yathā – as, like, in the manner of
  indeclinable
• ukta – said, spoken, stated
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √vac (to speak)
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Functions adverbially.

अवहार्यन्ते (avahāryante) - are made to pay (taxes) (are made to pay, are collected, are taken away)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (lat) of hṛ

Present tense, passive, causative form of √hṛ (class 1) with prefix ava

Prefix: ava

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: This is a causative passive form.

शुल्कम् (śulkam) - tax, toll, duty, tribute

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śulka

śulka - tax, toll, duty, tribute; bride-price

शुल्कोपजीविभिः (śulkopajīvibhiḥ) - by tax collectors, by those living on duties

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śulkopajīvin

śulkopajīvin - one who lives on taxes/duties, a tax collector

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śulka+upajīvin)

• śulka – tax, toll, duty
  noun (neuter)
• upajīvin – one who lives upon, dependent on, subsisting by
  adjective (masculine)
  From upa-√jīv (to live by)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: jīv (class 1)