महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-5, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तथा तत्रोपविष्टेषु पाण्डवेषु महात्मसु ।
महत्सु चोपविष्टेषु गन्धर्वेषु च भारत ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tathā tatropaviṣṭeṣu pāṇḍaveṣu mahātmasu ,
mahatsu copaviṣṭeṣu gandharveṣu ca bhārata.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca | tathā tatra upaviṣṭeṣu pāṇḍaveṣu
mahātmasu | mahatsu ca upaviṣṭeṣu gandharveṣu ca bhārata

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: O descendant of Bharata (bhārata), at that time, as the great-souled Pāṇḍavas and also the great Gandharvas were seated there...

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator, Vaiśaṃpāyana (Vaiśaṃpāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, as a statement from the narrator (said, spoke)

• तथा (tathā) - then, at that time (thus, so, in that manner, then)

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in the assembly (there, in that place)

• उपविष्टेषु (upaviṣṭeṣu) - among the Pāṇḍavas and Gandharvas who were seated (among those seated, upon those who had sat down)

• पाण्डवेषु (pāṇḍaveṣu) - among the sons of Pāṇḍu (among the Pāṇḍavas)

• महात्मसु (mahātmasu) - among the noble Pāṇḍavas (among the great-souled ones, among the noble ones)

• महत्सु (mahatsu) - among the prominent Gandharvas (among the great ones)

• च (ca) - and, also (and)

• उपविष्टेषु (upaviṣṭeṣu) - among the Gandharvas who were seated (among those seated, upon those who had sat down)

• गन्धर्वेषु (gandharveṣu) - among the celestial musicians (Gandharvas) (among the Gandharvas)

• च (ca) - and, also (and)

• भारत (bhārata) - O King Janamejaya, descendant of Bharata (the addressee of Vaiśaṃpāyana's narration) (O Bhārata, O descendant of Bharata)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - The narrator, Vaiśaṃpāyana (Vaiśaṃpāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a pupil of Vyāsa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, as a statement from the narrator (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

root 'vac' (2nd class) in perfect active 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: perfect form, reduplicated

तथा (tathā) - then, at that time (thus, so, in that manner, then)

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in the assembly (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

adverbial formation from demonstrative pronoun 'tad'

उपविष्टेषु (upaviṣṭeṣu) - among the Pāṇḍavas and Gandharvas who were seated (among those seated, upon those who had sat down)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of upaviṣṭa

upaviṣṭa - seated, sat down

Past Passive Participle

from 'viś' (to enter, sit) with prefix 'upa'

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: used here adjectivally to describe those who are seated

पाण्डवेषु (pāṇḍaveṣu) - among the sons of Pāṇḍu (among the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

derived from Pāṇḍu

महात्मसु (mahātmasu) - among the noble Pāṇḍavas (among the great-souled ones, among the noble ones)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, illustrious

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: compound 'great-souled'

महत्सु (mahatsu) - among the prominent Gandharvas (among the great ones)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, eminent

Note: acting as a noun here, referring to 'great beings'

च (ca) - and, also (and)

(indeclinable)

उपविष्टेषु (upaviṣṭeṣu) - among the Gandharvas who were seated (among those seated, upon those who had sat down)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of upaviṣṭa

upaviṣṭa - seated, sat down

Past Passive Participle

from 'viś' (to enter, sit) with prefix 'upa'

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: used here adjectivally to describe those who are seated

गन्धर्वेषु (gandharveṣu) - among the celestial musicians (Gandharvas) (among the Gandharvas)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of gandharva

gandharva - celestial musician, a class of demi-gods

च (ca) - and, also (and)

(indeclinable)

भारत (bhārata) - O King Janamejaya, descendant of Bharata (the addressee of Vaiśaṃpāyana's narration) (O Bhārata, O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, relating to Bharata

derived from Bharata