महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-5, verse-33

अमात्यानुपधातीतान्पितृपैतामहाञ्शुचीन् ।
श्रेष्ठाञ्श्रेष्ठेषु कच्चित्त्वं नियोजयसि कर्मसु ॥३३॥

33. amātyānupadhātītānpitṛpaitāmahāñśucīn ,
śreṣṭhāñśreṣṭheṣu kaccittvaṁ niyojayasi karmasu.

33. amātyān upadhā atītān pitṛpaitāmahān śucīn
śreṣṭhān śreṣṭheṣu kaccit tvaṃ niyojayasi karmasu

33. Do you appoint ministers who have passed the test of integrity (upadhā), are hereditary, honest, and excellent, to the most important tasks?

Words meanings summery:

• अमात्यान् (amātyān) - ministers (ministers, companions, courtiers)

• उपधा (upadhā) - test of integrity (test of integrity, fraud, stratagem, deceit, close proximity)

• अतीतान् (atītān) - who have passed (the test of integrity) (passed beyond, transcended, gone through, past)

• पितृपैतामहान् (pitṛpaitāmahān) - hereditary (ministers) (hereditary, ancestral)

• शुचीन् (śucīn) - honest, upright (pure, honest, clean, upright)

• श्रेष्ठान् (śreṣṭhān) - excellent (ministers) (best, excellent, superior, chief)

• श्रेष्ठेषु (śreṣṭheṣu) - in the most important (tasks) (in the best, in the most important)

• कच्चित् (kaccit) - is it that, perchance, perhaps

• त्वं (tvaṁ) - you (the king being addressed) (you)

• नियोजयसि (niyojayasi) - you appoint (you appoint, you engage, you apply)

• कर्मसु (karmasu) - in tasks (in actions, in deeds, in duties, in tasks)

Words meanings and morphology

अमात्यान् (amātyān) - ministers (ministers, companions, courtiers)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of amātya

amātya - minister, companion, courtier, relation

From amā (together) + -tya suffix, meaning 'one who dwells with'.

उपधा (upadhā) - test of integrity (test of integrity, fraud, stratagem, deceit, close proximity)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of upadhā

upadhā - test of integrity, fraud, stratagem, deceit, close proximity, final letter of a root or stem

From upa- + √dhā (to place, to hold) + aṅ/āp suffix.

Prefix: upa

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Functions adjectivally with 'atītān'.

अतीतान् (atītān) - who have passed (the test of integrity) (passed beyond, transcended, gone through, past)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of atīta

atīta - passed, gone by, elapsed, transcended, dead

Past Passive Participle

From ati- + √i (to go) + kta suffix.

Prefix: ati

Root: i (class 2)

पितृपैतामहान् (pitṛpaitāmahān) - hereditary (ministers) (hereditary, ancestral)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pitṛpaitāmaha

pitṛpaitāmaha - hereditary, ancestral, belonging to father and grandfather

Compound of pitṛ (father) and paitāmaha (from grandfather). Refers to a family lineage of service.

Compound type : dvandva (pitṛ+paitāmaha)

• pitṛ – father, ancestor
  noun (masculine)
• paitāmaha – of the grandfather, ancestral
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from pitāmaha (grandfather) with aṇ suffix.

शुचीन् (śucīn) - honest, upright (pure, honest, clean, upright)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śuci

śuci - pure, clean, honest, bright, white

Root: śuc (class 1)

श्रेष्ठान् (śreṣṭhān) - excellent (ministers) (best, excellent, superior, chief)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, excellent, superior, chief, most eminent

superlative degree

Superlative of praśasya (excellent, praiseworthy).

श्रेष्ठेषु (śreṣṭheṣu) - in the most important (tasks) (in the best, in the most important)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, excellent, superior, chief

superlative degree

Superlative of praśasya (excellent, praiseworthy).

कच्चित् (kaccit) - is it that, perchance, perhaps

(indeclinable)

त्वं (tvaṁ) - you (the king being addressed) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person pronoun, nominative singular.

नियोजयसि (niyojayasi) - you appoint (you appoint, you engage, you apply)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √yuj (causative)

Causative

From ni- + causative of √yuj (to join). Present indicative, second person singular, active voice.

Prefix: ni

Root: yuj (class 7)

कर्मसु (karmasu) - in tasks (in actions, in deeds, in duties, in tasks)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of karma

karma - action, deed, work, duty, religious rite, destiny (karma)

From √kṛ (to do) + man suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Place where the ministers are appointed.