महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-5, verse-48

पार्ष्णिमूलं च विज्ञाय व्यवसायं पराजयम् ।
बलस्य च महाराज दत्त्वा वेतनमग्रतः ॥४८॥

48. pārṣṇimūlaṁ ca vijñāya vyavasāyaṁ parājayam ,
balasya ca mahārāja dattvā vetanamagrataḥ.

48. pārṣṇimūlam ca vijñāya vyavasāyam parājayam
balasya ca mahārāja dattvā vetanam agrataḥ

48. And, O great king, having ascertained the enemy's rear base (pārṣṇimūla), their objective (vyavasāya), and their vulnerability to defeat (parājaya); and having paid the army's wages in advance...

Words meanings summery:

• पार्ष्णिमूलम् (pārṣṇimūlam) - the enemy's rear-base or vulnerable point (rear-base, heel-root, weak point)

• च (ca) - and

• विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having ascertained (having known, having understood, having ascertained)

• व्यवसायम् (vyavasāyam) - objective, strategy (enterprise, undertaking, resolution, strategy)

• पराजयम् (parājayam) - vulnerability to defeat (defeat, conquest)

• बलस्य (balasya) - of the army (of strength, of force, of the army)

• च (ca) - and

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having paid (having given)

• वेतनम् (vetanam) - wages, pay (wages, pay, salary)

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in advance (in front, beforehand, in advance)

Words meanings and morphology

पार्ष्णिमूलम् (pārṣṇimūlam) - the enemy's rear-base or vulnerable point (rear-base, heel-root, weak point)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pārṣṇimūla

pārṣṇimūla - root of the heel, rear, rear-guard, vulnerable point

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pārṣṇi+mūla)

• pārṣṇi – heel, rear, back
  noun (feminine)
• mūla – root, base, foundation, origin
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having ascertained (having known, having understood, having ascertained)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √jñā (to know) with upasarga vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

व्यवसायम् (vyavasāyam) - objective, strategy (enterprise, undertaking, resolution, strategy)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyavasāya

vyavasāya - enterprise, effort, undertaking, determination, resolution, business, strategy

Derived from √so (to cut, to bind) with vi- and ava-

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: so (class 4)

Note: Object of vijñāya

पराजयम् (parājayam) - vulnerability to defeat (defeat, conquest)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parājaya

parājaya - defeat, conquest, vanquishing

Derived from √ji (to conquer) with upasarga parā-

Prefix: parā

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Object of vijñāya

बलस्य (balasya) - of the army (of strength, of force, of the army)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army, military

Note: Possessive case

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Compound word, vocative case.

दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having paid (having given)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √dā (to give) with suffix -tvā

Root: dā (class 3)

वेतनम् (vetanam) - wages, pay (wages, pay, salary)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vetana

vetana - wages, pay, salary, hire

Note: Object of dattvā

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in advance (in front, beforehand, in advance)

(indeclinable)

Derived from agra (front) with suffix -tas (ablative/locative sense)