महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-149, verse-99

जम्बुक उवाच ।
स्थीयतां नेह भेतव्यं यावत्तपति भास्करः ।
तावदस्मिन्सुतस्नेहादनिर्वेदेन वर्तत ॥९९॥

99. jambuka uvāca ,
sthīyatāṁ neha bhetavyaṁ yāvattapati bhāskaraḥ ,
tāvadasminsutasnehādanirvedena vartata.

99. jambuka uvāca sthīyatām na iha bhetavyam yāvat tapati
bhāskaraḥ tāvat asmin sutasnehāt anirvedena vartata

99. jambuka uvāca.
iha na bhetavyam,
yāvat bhāskaraḥ tapati,
(tāvat) asmin sutasnehāt anirvedena sthīyatām vartata

99. The jackal said, "Stay here; there is nothing to fear as long as the sun shines. Until then, continue to be present here without despair, driven by affection for your sons."

Words meanings summery:

• जम्बुक (jambuka) - The jackal, as a character in the narrative. (jackal)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• स्थीयताम् (sthīyatām) - You all stay (interpreted as a command to the audience). (let one stay, let it be stayed, remain)

• न (na) - not, no

• इह (iha) - here (referring to the place) (here, in this world, in this matter)

• भेतव्यम् (bhetavyam) - there is nothing to fear (to be feared, worthy of fear)

• यावत् (yāvat) - as long as, as far as, until

• तपति (tapati) - the sun shines (shines, heats, burns)

• भास्करः (bhāskaraḥ) - sun, sun-maker

• तावत् (tāvat) - so long, so much, until then

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (situation/time) (in this, in him/it)

• सुतस्नेहात् (sutasnehāt) - from affection for sons, due to love for children

• अनिर्वेदेन (anirvedena) - without despair, without dejection

• वर्तत (vartata) - continue to be present or conduct yourselves (let one act, let one be, proceed)

Words meanings and morphology

जम्बुक (jambuka) - The jackal, as a character in the narrative. (jackal)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jambuka

jambuka - jackal

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

Perfect form of root vac (2nd class, bravīti/brūte)

Root: vac (class 2)

स्थीयताम् (sthīyatām) - You all stay (interpreted as a command to the audience). (let one stay, let it be stayed, remain)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (loṭ) of sthā

Imperative Tense, Passive Voice

From root sthā (1st class, tiṣṭhati), passive imperative 3rd singular

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Often used impersonally or as a general command.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - here (referring to the place) (here, in this world, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

भेतव्यम् (bhetavyam) - there is nothing to fear (to be feared, worthy of fear)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhetavya

bhetavya - to be feared, fearful

Gerundive (Kṛtya)

From root bhī (to fear), formed with -tavya suffix

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Used predicatively here.

यावत् (yāvat) - as long as, as far as, until

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a temporal clause.

तपति (tapati) - the sun shines (shines, heats, burns)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of tap

Present Tense

Root tap (1st class, tapati), present active 3rd singular

Root: tap (class 1)

भास्करः (bhāskaraḥ) - sun, sun-maker

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhāskara

bhāskara - sun (lit. 'light-maker')

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (bhās+kara)

• bhās – light, luster, splendor
  noun (feminine)
  Root: bhā (class 2)
• kara – maker, doer, causing
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root kṛ (to do, make), with suffix -a
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The subject of 'tapati'.

तावत् (tāvat) - so long, so much, until then

(indeclinable)

Note: Corresponds to 'yāvat'.

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (situation/time) (in this, in him/it)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine/neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to the duration of the sun shining or the current situation.

सुतस्नेहात् (sutasnehāt) - from affection for sons, due to love for children

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of sutasneha

sutasneha - affection for a son/child

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (suta+sneha)

• suta – son, offspring
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root sū (to bear, produce), with kta suffix. Refers to 'born one'.
  Root: sū (class 4)
• sneha – affection, love, oil
  noun (masculine)
  Root: snih (class 4)

Note: Indicates cause or origin.

अनिर्वेदेन (anirvedena) - without despair, without dejection

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of anirveda

anirveda - absence of despair, perseverance, cheerfulness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+nirveda)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
  Negative prefix
• nirveda – despair, dejection, apathy
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: nis
  Root: vid (class 6)

Note: Indicates manner.

वर्तत (vartata) - continue to be present or conduct yourselves (let one act, let one be, proceed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of vṛt

Imperative Tense, Middle Voice

Root vṛt (1st class, vartate), present middle 3rd singular imperative

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Can be interpreted as a command to the audience in the sense of 'you should act'.