महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-149, verse-105

शोकदैन्यसमाविष्टा रुदन्तस्तस्थिरे तदा ।
स्वकार्यकुशलाभ्यां ते संभ्राम्यन्ते ह नैपुणात् ॥१०५॥

105. śokadainyasamāviṣṭā rudantastasthire tadā ,
svakāryakuśalābhyāṁ te saṁbhrāmyante ha naipuṇāt.

105. śokadainyasamāviṣṭāḥ rudantaḥ tasthire tadā
svakāryakuśalābhyām te saṃbhrāmyante ha naipuṇāt

105. tadā śokadainyasamāviṣṭāḥ rudantaḥ (te) tasthire
svakāryakuśalābhyām naipuṇāt te ha saṃbhrāmyante

105. Then, (the relatives), overcome by sorrow and misery, stood there weeping. Indeed, they were utterly bewildered by the cunning skill of those two, who were proficient in their own objectives.

Words meanings summery:

• शोकदैन्यसमाविष्टाः (śokadainyasamāviṣṭāḥ) - overcome by sorrow and misery

• रुदन्तः (rudantaḥ) - weeping (weeping, crying)

• तस्थिरे (tasthire) - they stood (there) (they stood, remained)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• स्वकार्यकुशलाभ्याम् (svakāryakuśalābhyām) - by those two (vulture and jackal) proficient in their own objectives (by those skillful in their own business)

• ते (te) - they (the relatives) (they, those)

• संभ्राम्यन्ते (saṁbhrāmyante) - they were utterly bewildered/deluded (they are bewildered, they are caused to wander, they are confused)

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (indeed, surely (emphatic particle))

• नैपुणात् (naipuṇāt) - by their cunning skill (from skill, by skill, due to cleverness)

Words meanings and morphology

शोकदैन्यसमाविष्टाः (śokadainyasamāviṣṭāḥ) - overcome by sorrow and misery

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śokadainyasamāviṣṭa

śokadainyasamāviṣṭa - overcome by sorrow and misery

Compound: 'śoka' (sorrow) + 'dainya' (misery) + 'samāviṣṭa' (overcome by).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+dainya+samāviṣṭa)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  From √śuc (to grieve).
  Root: √śuc (class 1)
• dainya – misery, wretchedness, humility
  noun (neuter)
  From 'dīna' (wretched, miserable).
• samāviṣṭa – entered, pervaded, possessed, overcome (by)
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'sam' (completely) + 'ā' (near, towards) + √viś (to enter).
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: √viś (class 6)

Note: Qualifies the implied relatives/attendants.

रुदन्तः (rudantaḥ) - weeping (weeping, crying)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rudat

rudat - weeping, crying

Present Active Participle

From root √rud (to cry, weep).

Root: √rud (class 2)

Note: Used as an adjective describing the state of the relatives.

तस्थिरे (tasthire) - they stood (there) (they stood, remained)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (lit) of √sthā

Perfect 3rd person plural

From root √sthā (to stand). Ātmanepada.

Root: √sthā (class 1)

Note: The subject is the implied relatives.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time from 'tad' (that).

स्वकार्यकुशलाभ्याम् (svakāryakuśalābhyām) - by those two (vulture and jackal) proficient in their own objectives (by those skillful in their own business)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of svakāryakuśala

svakāryakuśala - skillful in one's own business

Compound: 'sva' (own) + 'kārya' (work) + 'kuśala' (skillful).

Compound type : saptamī-tatpuruṣa (sva+kārya+kuśala)

• sva – one's own
  pronoun
  Reflexive possessive pronoun.
• kārya – work, duty, business, action (to be done)
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root √kṛ (to do), suffix -ya.
  Root: √kṛ (class 8)
• kuśala – skillful, expert, clever; well-being
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agent of 'saṃbhrāmyante'.

ते (te) - they (the relatives) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, him, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'saṃbhrāmyante'.

संभ्राम्यन्ते (saṁbhrāmyante) - they were utterly bewildered/deluded (they are bewildered, they are caused to wander, they are confused)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of √bhram

Present 3rd person plural (Passive)

From 'sam' (completely) + root √bhram (to wander, be confused). Denominative passive formation from 'bhramya'.

Prefix: sam

Root: √bhram (class 1)

Note: The passive construction indicates they are affected by the actions of others.

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (indeed, surely (emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

नैपुणात् (naipuṇāt) - by their cunning skill (from skill, by skill, due to cleverness)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of naipuṇa

naipuṇa - skill, cleverness, dexterity, expertness

From 'nipūṇa' (skillful).

Note: Indicates the reason for their bewilderment.