महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-149, verse-27

भीष्म उवाच ।
जम्बुकस्य वचः श्रुत्वा कृपणं परिदेवतः ।
न्यवर्तन्त तदा सर्वे शवार्थं ते स्म मानुषाः ॥२७॥

27. bhīṣma uvāca ,
jambukasya vacaḥ śrutvā kṛpaṇaṁ paridevataḥ ,
nyavartanta tadā sarve śavārthaṁ te sma mānuṣāḥ.

27. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca jambukasya vacaḥ śrutvā kṛpaṇaṃ paridevataḥ
nyavartanta tadā sarve śavārthaṃ te sma mānuṣāḥ

27. Bhishma said: Having heard the jackal's pitiable words, which arose from its lamentation, all those men then returned for the corpse.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• जम्बुकस्य (jambukasya) - of the jackal

• वचः (vacaḥ) - words, speech

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• कृपणं (kṛpaṇaṁ) - pitiable, wretched, miserable

• परिदेवतः (paridevataḥ) - from lamentation, of lamentation

• न्यवर्तन्त (nyavartanta) - they turned back, they returned

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• शवार्थं (śavārthaṁ) - for the sake of the corpse, for the corpse

• ते (te) - those (masculine nominative plural)

• स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly (particle indicating past tense or emphasis)

• मानुषाः (mānuṣāḥ) - men, human beings

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (proper name, son of Gaṅgā and Śāntanu)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense, 3rd person singular active

from root vac, class 2, perfect (liṭ), parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

जम्बुकस्य (jambukasya) - of the jackal

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jambuka

jambuka - jackal

वचः (vacaḥ) - words, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

from root śru + suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

कृपणं (kṛpaṇaṁ) - pitiable, wretched, miserable

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛpaṇa

kṛpaṇa - pitiable, wretched, miserable, poor, lamentable

Note: Modifies 'vacaḥ'.

परिदेवतः (paridevataḥ) - from lamentation, of lamentation

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of paridevata

paridevata - lamentation, wailing, mournful cry

from pari- + root div (to lament)

Prefix: pari

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Also possible as genitive singular.

न्यवर्तन्त (nyavartanta) - they turned back, they returned

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of nivṛt

imperfect tense, 3rd person plural middle

from root vṛt with prefix ni-, class 1, imperfect (laṅ), ātmanepada

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

masculine nominative plural of sarva

शवार्थं (śavārthaṁ) - for the sake of the corpse, for the corpse

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śavārtha

śavārtha - purpose of a corpse, for the sake of the corpse

compound of śava (corpse) + artha (purpose)

Compound type : tatpurusha (śava+artha)

• śava – corpse, dead body
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, object, sake, wealth
  noun (masculine)

ते (te) - those (masculine nominative plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

masculine nominative plural of tad

स्म (sma) - indeed, certainly (particle indicating past tense or emphasis)

(indeclinable)

मानुषाः (mānuṣāḥ) - men, human beings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - man, human, human being