महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-149, verse-44

अहो पुत्रवियोगेन मृतशून्योपसेवनात् ।
क्रोशतां वै भृशं दुःखं विवत्सानां गवामिव ॥४४॥

44. aho putraviyogena mṛtaśūnyopasevanāt ,
krośatāṁ vai bhṛśaṁ duḥkhaṁ vivatsānāṁ gavāmiva.

44. aho putraviyogena mṛtaśūnya upasevanāt krośatām
vai bhṛśam duḥkham vivatsānām gavām iva

44. aho putraviyogena mṛtaśūnya upasevanāt krośatām
duḥkham vivatsānām gavām iva bhṛśam vai

44. Alas, due to the separation from your son, and from (the thought of) resorting to a place devoid of (true) corpses (since your son is alive), there is indeed intense sorrow for those who cry out, just like cows separated from their calves.

Words meanings summery:

• अहो (aho) - Alas! (Oh! Alas!)

• पुत्रवियोगेन (putraviyogena) - due to the separation from a son (by separation from a son)

• मृतशून्य (mṛtaśūnya) - devoid of (true) corpses (because the son is alive) (empty of the dead, devoid of corpses)

• उपसेवनात् (upasevanāt) - from (the act of) resorting to (a place devoid of true corpses) (from resorting, from attending, from serving)

• क्रोशताम् (krośatām) - of those who lament (of those crying, lamenting)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily (emphatic particle))

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - intense (intensely, greatly, much)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow (sorrow, suffering, pain (nominative/accusative neuter singular))

• विवत्सानाम् (vivatsānām) - of cows separated from their calves

• गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as it were)

Words meanings and morphology

अहो (aho) - Alas! (Oh! Alas!)

(indeclinable)

पुत्रवियोगेन (putraviyogena) - due to the separation from a son (by separation from a son)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of putraviyoga

putraviyoga - separation from a son

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+viyoga)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• viyoga – separation, disunion
  noun (masculine)
  From root yuj with prefix vi
  Prefix: vi
  Root: yuj (class 7)

मृतशून्य (mṛtaśūnya) - devoid of (true) corpses (because the son is alive) (empty of the dead, devoid of corpses)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of mṛtaśūnya

mṛtaśūnya - empty of the dead, devoid of corpses

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mṛta+śūnya)

• mṛta – dead, deceased
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root mṛ
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• śūnya – empty, void, deserted
  adjective

Note: This adjective acts as the object of upasevanāt, where 'resorting to something devoid of dead bodies' implies the son is alive.

उपसेवनात् (upasevanāt) - from (the act of) resorting to (a place devoid of true corpses) (from resorting, from attending, from serving)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of upasevana

upasevana - resorting to, attending, serving

From root sev with prefix upa, suffix -ana

Prefix: upa

Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Often combined with mṛtaśūnya.

क्रोशताम् (krośatām) - of those who lament (of those crying, lamenting)

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of krośat

krośat - crying, lamenting, wailing

Present Active Participle

From root kruś (1st class) + -at suffix

Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: Refers to the parents

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily (emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - intense (intensely, greatly, much)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form

Note: Modifies duḥkham, acting as an adjective here.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow (sorrow, suffering, pain (nominative/accusative neuter singular))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, unhappiness

विवत्सानाम् (vivatsānām) - of cows separated from their calves

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of vivatsā

vivatsā - a cow separated from her calf

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+vatsa)

• vi – apart, asunder
  prefix
• vatsa – calf, child
  noun (masculine)

गवाम् (gavām) - of cows

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as it were)

(indeclinable)