महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-149, verse-80

जम्बुक उवाच ।
दारुणो मर्त्यलोकोऽयं सर्वप्राणिविनाशनः ।
इष्टबन्धुवियोगश्च तथैवाल्पं च जीवितम् ॥८०॥

80. jambuka uvāca ,
dāruṇo martyaloko'yaṁ sarvaprāṇivināśanaḥ ,
iṣṭabandhuviyogaśca tathaivālpaṁ ca jīvitam.

80. jambukaḥ uvāca dāruṇaḥ martyalokaḥ ayam sarvaprāṇivināśanaḥ
iṣṭabandhuviyogaḥ ca tathā eva alpam ca jīvitam

80. jambukaḥ uvāca ayam martyalokaḥ dāruṇaḥ sarvaprāṇivināśanaḥ
iṣṭabandhuviyogaḥ ca tathā eva alpam ca jīvitam

80. The Jackal said: This mortal world is indeed cruel, causing the destruction of all living beings. There is also separation from beloved relatives, and life itself is short.

Words meanings summery:

• जम्बुकः (jambukaḥ) - jackal

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• दारुणः (dāruṇaḥ) - cruel, terrible, harsh

• मर्त्यलोकः (martyalokaḥ) - mortal world, human world

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• सर्वप्राणिविनाशनः (sarvaprāṇivināśanaḥ) - causing destruction to all living beings, destroyer of all creatures

• इष्टबन्धुवियोगः (iṣṭabandhuviyogaḥ) - separation from beloved relatives/friends

• च (ca) - and, also

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, likewise

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• अल्पम् (alpam) - short, little

• च (ca) - and, also

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence

Words meanings and morphology

जम्बुकः (jambukaḥ) - jackal

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jambuka

jambuka - jackal

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Indicative, Parasmaipada

From root vac, class 2, irregular perfect form.

Root: vac (class 2)

दारुणः (dāruṇaḥ) - cruel, terrible, harsh

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dāruṇa

dāruṇa - cruel, terrible, harsh, severe

Note: Qualifies 'martyalokaḥ'.

मर्त्यलोकः (martyalokaḥ) - mortal world, human world

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of martyaloka

martyaloka - mortal world, world of humans

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (martya+loka)

• martya – mortal, human
  adjective (masculine)
  From root mṛ (to die).
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)
  From root lok (to see).
  Root: lok (class 1)

Note: Subject.

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Demonstrative pronoun.

सर्वप्राणिविनाशनः (sarvaprāṇivināśanaḥ) - causing destruction to all living beings, destroyer of all creatures

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvaprāṇivināśana

sarvaprāṇivināśana - destroyer of all living beings, causing destruction to all creatures

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+prāṇin+vināśana)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• prāṇin – living being, creature
  noun (masculine)
  From prāṇa (life breath).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: an (class 2)
• vināśana – destroying, ruin, destruction
  noun (masculine)
  From vi + naś (to perish).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'martyalokaḥ'.

इष्टबन्धुवियोगः (iṣṭabandhuviyogaḥ) - separation from beloved relatives/friends

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of iṣṭabandhuviyoga

iṣṭabandhuviyoga - separation from beloved relatives/friends

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (iṣṭa+bandhu+viyoga)

• iṣṭa – desired, beloved, dear
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root iṣ (to wish, to desire).
  Root: iṣ (class 6)
• bandhu – relative, kinsman, friend
  noun (masculine)
  From root bandh (to bind).
  Root: bandh (class 9)
• viyoga – separation, disjunction, absence
  noun (masculine)
  From vi + yuj (to join).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Subject of an implied verb 'is'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, likewise

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अल्पम् (alpam) - short, little

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of alpa

alpa - small, little, short, few

Note: Qualifies 'jīvitam'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, existence, livelihood

From root jīv (to live).

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Subject.